Dexametasona como coadyuvante para prevenir náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios en cesárea bajo anestesia raquídea
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Date
2023
Authors
Moreno Orihuela, Joseph Kristian
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Publisher
Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
En la actualidad la tasa de cesáreas en el Perú y el mundo se ha incrementado mucho debido a diferentes factores predisponentes. Por tanto, se dispone de diversas técnicas anestésicas para realizar la cirugía, la más frecuente es la anestesia raquídea. Sin embargo, dicho procedimiento suscita complicaciones frecuentes en la parturienta y una de las más frecuentes son las náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios. La dexametasona es uno de los medicamentos que promete prevenir eficazmente este problema aunado de otros antieméticos tales como la metoclopramida.
Problema: ¿Cuál es la efectividad de la dexametasona como coadyuvante en la prevención de las náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios en cesárea con anestesia raquídea?
Hipótesis: La dexametasona como coadyuvante es efectiva en la prevención de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios en cesárea bajo anestesia raquídea.
Objetivo general: Conocer la efectividad de la dexametasona como coadyuvante en la prevención de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios en cesárea bajo anestesia raquídea. Objetivos específicos: Determinar el número de pacientes que presentan náuseas y vómitos con el uso de dexametasona como coadyuvante. Determinar el número de pacientes que presentan náuseas y vómitos si no se usa dexametasona como coadyuvante. Determinar la significancia estadística de la efectividad de la dexametasona como coadyuvante en la prevención de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios en cesáreas bajo anestesia raquídea. Material: Estudio tipo Cohorte. Muestreo: aleatorio simple. Tamaño de muestra: 96 pacientes.
Métodos: Se obtendrán datos de las hojas de anestesia, de recuperación post anestésica y de evolución posterior a la cesárea para seguimiento control durante las 2 primeras horas de postoperatorio. Se utilizará la prueba Chi-cuadrado para saber si las frecuencias observadas son estadísticamente significativas. Se calculará el riesgo relativo, la reducción absoluta de riesgo y el número necesario a tratar para conseguir el efecto. Se utilizará el paquete estadístico SPSS v.25 para la interpretación de los datos.
Currently the rate of cesarean sections in Peru and the world has increased greatly due to different predisposing factors. Therefore, various anesthetic techniques are available to perform surgery, the most common being spinal anesthesia. However, this procedure causes frequent complications in the parturient and one of the most common is postoperative nausea and vomiting. Dexamethasone is one of the medications that promises to effectively prevent this problem along with other antiemetics such as metoclopramide. Problem: What is the effectiveness of dexamethasone as an adjuvant in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in cesarean section with spinal anesthesia? Hypothesis: Dexamethasone as an adjuvant is effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. General objective: To know the effectiveness of dexamethasone as an adjuvant in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Specific objectives: Determine the number of patients who present nausea and vomiting with the use of dexamethasone as an adjuvant. Determine the number of patients who experience nausea and vomiting if dexamethasone is not used as an adjuvant. To determine the statistical significance of the effectiveness of dexamethasone as an adjuvant in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia. Material: Cohort study. Sampling: simple random. Sample size: 96 patients. Methods: Data will be obtained from the anesthesia, post-anesthetic recovery and post- cesarean section evolution sheets for control monitoring during the first 2 hours postoperatively. The Chi-square test will be used to know if the observed frequencies are statistically significant. The relative risk, the absolute risk reduction and the number necessary to treat to achieve the effect will be calculated. The SPSS v.25 statistical package will be used to interpret the data.
Currently the rate of cesarean sections in Peru and the world has increased greatly due to different predisposing factors. Therefore, various anesthetic techniques are available to perform surgery, the most common being spinal anesthesia. However, this procedure causes frequent complications in the parturient and one of the most common is postoperative nausea and vomiting. Dexamethasone is one of the medications that promises to effectively prevent this problem along with other antiemetics such as metoclopramide. Problem: What is the effectiveness of dexamethasone as an adjuvant in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in cesarean section with spinal anesthesia? Hypothesis: Dexamethasone as an adjuvant is effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. General objective: To know the effectiveness of dexamethasone as an adjuvant in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Specific objectives: Determine the number of patients who present nausea and vomiting with the use of dexamethasone as an adjuvant. Determine the number of patients who experience nausea and vomiting if dexamethasone is not used as an adjuvant. To determine the statistical significance of the effectiveness of dexamethasone as an adjuvant in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia. Material: Cohort study. Sampling: simple random. Sample size: 96 patients. Methods: Data will be obtained from the anesthesia, post-anesthetic recovery and post- cesarean section evolution sheets for control monitoring during the first 2 hours postoperatively. The Chi-square test will be used to know if the observed frequencies are statistically significant. The relative risk, the absolute risk reduction and the number necessary to treat to achieve the effect will be calculated. The SPSS v.25 statistical package will be used to interpret the data.
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Keywords
Dexametasona, Anestesia Raquidea, Náuseas y Vómitos Posoperatorios, Antieméticos