Decretos de urgencia emitidos durante el interregno parlamentario del periodo 2019-2020: alcances y límites
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La disolución del Congreso de la República, decretado el 30 de setiembre de 2019, inauguró el primer interregno parlamentario desde la entrada en vigencia de la Constitución de 1993, con la subsecuente facultad del Poder Ejecutivo para legislar mediante decretos de urgencia, de conformidad con el artículo 135 in fine de la Constitución. Nunca antes se habían expedido decretos de urgencia que no sean en virtud del artículo 118, inciso 19, de la Constitución; por lo que, la presente investigación se centró en determinar los alcances de aquel tipo de normas jurídicas emitidas ante la ausencia congresal y si se encuentran limitadas por el ordenamiento jurídico peruano, con base a la experiencia legislativa del periodo 2019-2020. Luego de una cuidadosa investigación, se pudo determinar que sí cuentan con límites explícitos e implícitos que emanan de la Constitución, la misma que debe ser interpretada como un todo, con especial énfasis en los principios de eparación y balance de poderes, democrático, proporcionalidad y razonabilidad. No obstante, estos límites no pueden equipararse strictu sensu con aquellos fijados a los decretos de urgencia emitidos en situaciones de normalidad parlamentaria. Finalmente, se recomienda al Congreso de la República mejorar la deficiente técnica legislativa con la que se ha regulado aquella figura jurídica y al Tribunal Constitucional, asumir su rol pacificador y, en su calidad de supremo intérprete de la Constitución, establezca jurisprudencia vinculante en torno a esta facultad legislativa anómala.
ABSTRACT The dissolution of the Congress of the Republic, decreed on September 30, 2019, inaugurated the first parliamentary interregnum since the entry into force of the 1993 Constitution, with the subsequent power of the Executive Branch to legislate through emergency decrees, in accordance with the article 135 in fine of the Constitution. Never before have emergency decrees been issued other than by virtue of article 118, paragraph 19, of the Constitution. Therefore, this investigation focused on determining the scope of that type of legal regulations issued in congressional absence and whether they are limited by the peruvian legal system, based on the legislative experience of the 2019-2020 period. After a careful investigation, it was determined that they do have explicit and implicit limits that emanate from the Constitution, which must be interpreted as a whole, with special emphasis on the principles of separation and balance of powers, democracy, proportionality and reasonableness. However, these limits cannot be equated strictu sensu with emergency decrees issued in situations of parliamentary normality. Finally, it is ecommended that the Congress of the Republic improve the deficient legislative technique with which that legal figure has been regulated and, in its capacity as supreme interpreter of the Constitution, establish binding jurisprudence around this anomalous legislative power.
ABSTRACT The dissolution of the Congress of the Republic, decreed on September 30, 2019, inaugurated the first parliamentary interregnum since the entry into force of the 1993 Constitution, with the subsequent power of the Executive Branch to legislate through emergency decrees, in accordance with the article 135 in fine of the Constitution. Never before have emergency decrees been issued other than by virtue of article 118, paragraph 19, of the Constitution. Therefore, this investigation focused on determining the scope of that type of legal regulations issued in congressional absence and whether they are limited by the peruvian legal system, based on the legislative experience of the 2019-2020 period. After a careful investigation, it was determined that they do have explicit and implicit limits that emanate from the Constitution, which must be interpreted as a whole, with special emphasis on the principles of separation and balance of powers, democracy, proportionality and reasonableness. However, these limits cannot be equated strictu sensu with emergency decrees issued in situations of parliamentary normality. Finally, it is ecommended that the Congress of the Republic improve the deficient legislative technique with which that legal figure has been regulated and, in its capacity as supreme interpreter of the Constitution, establish binding jurisprudence around this anomalous legislative power.
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Keywords
Decreto de urgencia, Interregno parlamentario, Poder Ejecutivo, Facultad legislativa