Influencia de la Proporción de Caolín: Tierra y ubicación de cocción sobre el Control de Calidad Físico, Químico y Mecánico en Ladrillos King Kong de la Ladrillera Huanchaco
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2024-07
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La presente investigación se realizó en la empresa de Ladrillos Huanchaco – Trujillo – La
libertad. El objetivo principal fue determinar la influencia de la proporción de caolín: tierra y
ubicación de cocción sobre el control de calidad físico, químico y mecánico en ladrillos king kong
de 23x12x9cm de la ladrillera Huanchaco. En el Perú, los ladrillos de arcilla han logrado
mantenerse en la preferencia del sector construcción, debido a las ventajas técnicas que ofrece
frente a otros métodos constructivos. No obstante, existen innumerables empresas clandestinas
que suministran estos materiales a costos muy inferiores a los normales, incumpliendo con la
calidad que la normativa indica para este tipo de ladrillos.
Se estima que del 100% de distribución de ladrillos, el 50% se distribuye en la capital y el
otro 50% en el resto de las regiones, siendo Trujillo, Chiclayo, Arequipa, Cusco y Tacna las más
destacadas. El control de calidad de los ladrillos es fundamental para garantizar que cumplan con
los estándares requeridos en diseño y construcción. La investigación se realizó en la empresa de
ladrillos Huanchaco, por tratarse de una empresa local en proceso de mayor inserción en el
mercado. Se evaluó las propiedades físicas, mecánica y químicas del ladrillo King Kong bajo la
NTP 339.613-2017; para ello se realizó un muestreo de 162 ladrillos de la Empresa Ladrillos
Huanchaco por cada proporción de caolín/ tierra (50:50, 60:40, 70:30), de acuerdo a sus tres niveles
de ubicación: superior, medio e inferior ya que se evalúa como una etapa critica la cocción. Así
mismo, se analizaron unidades de albañilería comerciales, estas empresas son: “Tumi”, “Torre”
“Forte”, “King”, “Norton”, “Lark”, “Huachipa”, “Perú”, “Fortes”, “Clasa” y “Tayson”. Se
concluye que los ladrillos los ladrillos elaborados con la proporción de mezcla 60% caolín: 40%
tierra, presentan las mejores propiedades físicas, químicas y mecánicas dando cumplimiento a la
normativa, así mismo, en el proceso de cocción en el sistema cámara túnel, el ladrillo se sinteriza
homogéneamente en la ubicación media del apilamiento, donde las propiedades se uniformizan,
clasificando a estas unidades del tipo IV con un valor promedio de 131 kg/cm2
en base a su
resistencia a la compresión, seguido de la ubicación superior con 100 kg/cm2
e inferior en 77
kg/cm2
. En su comparativa con marcas comerciales, se determinó que los ladrillos “Lark”, con una
resistencia de 162 kg/cm2
, cumplen en mayor nivel con los requisitos que indica la NTP 339.613-
2017, clasificándose como una unidad de albañilería del tipo V.
The present investigation was carried out at the Huanchaco brick company - Trujillo - La Libertad. The main objective was to determine the influence of the proportion of kaolin: earth and firing location on the physical, chemical and mechanical quality control in king kong bricks of 23x12x9cm of the Huanchaco brick factory. In Peru, clay bricks have managed to maintain their preference in the construction sector, due to the technical advantages they offer over other construction methods. However, there are countless clandestine companies that supply these materials at much lower costs than normal, failing to comply with the quality standards for this type of brick. It is estimated that of the 100% of brick distribution, 50% is distributed in the capital city and the other 50% in the rest of the regions, with Trujillo, Chiclayo, Arequipa, Cusco, and Tacna being the most important. Quality control of the bricks is essential to ensure that they meet the required design and construction standards. The research was carried out at the Huanchaco brick company, as it is a local company in the process of increasing its market penetration. The physical, mechanical and chemical properties of King Kong brick were evaluated under NTP 339.613-2017; for this purpose, 162 bricks of the Huanchaco Bricks Company were sampled for each ratio of kaolin/earth (50:50, 60:40, 70:30), according to their three levels of location: top, middle and bottom since firing is evaluated as a critical stage. Commercial masonry units were also analyzed; these companies are: "Tumi", "Torre", "Forte", "King", "Norton", "Lark", "Huachipa", "Perú", "Fortes", "Clasa" and "Tayson". It is concluded that the bricks made with the mixture proportion of 60% kaolin: 40% earth, present the best physical, chemical and mechanical properties giving compliance with the regulations, likewise, in the firing process in the tunnel chamber system, the brick is homogeneously sintered in the middle location of the stack, where the properties are uniformized, classifying these units of type IV with an average value of 131 kg/cm2 based on their compressive strength, followed by the upper location with 100 kg/cm2 and lower at kg/cm2 . In its comparison with commercial brands, it was determined that "Lark" bricks, with a resistance of 162 kg/cm2 , comply at a higher level with the requirements indicated by NTP 339.613-2017, classifying it as a type V masonry unit.
The present investigation was carried out at the Huanchaco brick company - Trujillo - La Libertad. The main objective was to determine the influence of the proportion of kaolin: earth and firing location on the physical, chemical and mechanical quality control in king kong bricks of 23x12x9cm of the Huanchaco brick factory. In Peru, clay bricks have managed to maintain their preference in the construction sector, due to the technical advantages they offer over other construction methods. However, there are countless clandestine companies that supply these materials at much lower costs than normal, failing to comply with the quality standards for this type of brick. It is estimated that of the 100% of brick distribution, 50% is distributed in the capital city and the other 50% in the rest of the regions, with Trujillo, Chiclayo, Arequipa, Cusco, and Tacna being the most important. Quality control of the bricks is essential to ensure that they meet the required design and construction standards. The research was carried out at the Huanchaco brick company, as it is a local company in the process of increasing its market penetration. The physical, mechanical and chemical properties of King Kong brick were evaluated under NTP 339.613-2017; for this purpose, 162 bricks of the Huanchaco Bricks Company were sampled for each ratio of kaolin/earth (50:50, 60:40, 70:30), according to their three levels of location: top, middle and bottom since firing is evaluated as a critical stage. Commercial masonry units were also analyzed; these companies are: "Tumi", "Torre", "Forte", "King", "Norton", "Lark", "Huachipa", "Perú", "Fortes", "Clasa" and "Tayson". It is concluded that the bricks made with the mixture proportion of 60% kaolin: 40% earth, present the best physical, chemical and mechanical properties giving compliance with the regulations, likewise, in the firing process in the tunnel chamber system, the brick is homogeneously sintered in the middle location of the stack, where the properties are uniformized, classifying these units of type IV with an average value of 131 kg/cm2 based on their compressive strength, followed by the upper location with 100 kg/cm2 and lower at kg/cm2 . In its comparison with commercial brands, it was determined that "Lark" bricks, with a resistance of 162 kg/cm2 , comply at a higher level with the requirements indicated by NTP 339.613-2017, classifying it as a type V masonry unit.
Description
Keywords
TECHNOLOGY::Materials science