“Influencia del porcentaje en peso de fibras Musa Paradisiaca sobre la resistencia al impacto de un compuesto poliéster/fibra de vidrio”
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Date
2024-09
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Publisher
Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar cómo la variación del porcentaje de fibras
naturales de Musa Paradisiaca influye en la resistencia al impacto de un compuesto
poliéster/fibra de vidrio. La metodología empleada incluyó técnicas físico-mecánicas, como la
espectroscopía infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), microscopia óptica (MOP) y la
microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM), para caracterizar las fibras y zonas de falla por
impacto, así como mediciones de resistencia al impacto según la norma ISO 179-1. El diseño
experimental, de enfoque cuantitativo unifactorial, consideró diferentes porcentajes de fibras
naturales 20%, 25%, 30% de 100 mm de longitud y 155 µm de diámetro. Se aplicó un
tratamiento químico alcalino (Mercerizado de 5M NaOH), con evaluaciones de la resistencia
al impacto a través de ensayos de compuestos híbridos tipo sándwich como también
compuestos de solo fibras naturales de dimensiones 100 x 50 x 4 mm. Los resultados
demostraron variaciones significativas en la resistencia al impacto en función del porcentaje
de fibras y el tratamiento químico. Concluyendo que a mayores porcentajes de fibras y
aplicando el tratamiento químico alcalino a 5M, los compuestos híbridos de tipo sándwich
tienen una mejora considerable en la resistencia al impacto debido a la mayor absorción de
energía por mayor carga de fibra y al aumento de adherencia entre matriz y fibra por
eliminación de impurezas por mercerizado, alcanzando un aumento del 13% de resistencia al
impacto con 81.50 kJ/m2 para un compuesto hibrido con tratamiento químico a 30% de fibras
naturales R+FN+FV/CT-30%,un aumento del 56% por parte los compuestos híbridos tipo
sándwich tratado con respecto a los compuestos de fibra natural tratado. El análisis ANOVA
unidireccional aplicado indicó suficientes diferencias significativas sobre la resistencia al
impacto por parte de la influencia del porcentaje de fibras naturales. En conclusión, esta
investigación resalta la importancia del porcentaje de fibras en el diseño de compuestos
poliéster/fibra de vidrio ideales para su aplicación en paneles de puertas de automóviles, donde
se requiere una alta resistencia al impacto.
This research work aimed to analyze how the variation in the percentage of natural fibers of Musa Paradisiaca and the chemical treatment influences the mechanical properties of polyester/fiberglass composites. The methodology used included physical-mechanical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical microscopy (MOP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to characterize the fibers and impact failure zones, as well as measurements of impact strength according to ISO 179-1 standard. The experimental design, with a two-factor quantitative approach, considered different percentages of natural fibers 20%, 25%, 30% of 100 mm in length and 155 µm in diameter. And an alkaline chemical treatment was applied (Mercerized 5M NaOH), with evaluations of impact resistance through tests of hybrid sandwich compounds as well as compounds of only natural fibers of dimensions 100 x 50 x 4 mm. The results proved significant variations in impact strength depending on the percentage of fibers and the use of chemical treatment. It was found that the highest percentages of fibers and applying the alkaline chemical treatment at 5M, sandwich-type hybrid composites resulted in a considerable improvement in impact strength due to the greater energy absorption due to a higher fiber load and the increase in adhesion between matrix and fiber due to the elimination of impurities by mercerization., achieving a 13% increase in impact resistance with 81.50 kJ/m2 for a Hybrid composite with chemical treatment of 30% natural fibers R+FN+FV/CT-30%. And an increase of 56% on the with treated hybrid sandwich type composites compared to the treated natural fiber composites. The one-way ANOVA analysis applied indicated sufficient significant differences in impact resistance due to the influence of the natural fiber percentage. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of the fiber percentage in designing polyester/glass fiber composites, ideal for application in car door panels where high impact resistance is required.
This research work aimed to analyze how the variation in the percentage of natural fibers of Musa Paradisiaca and the chemical treatment influences the mechanical properties of polyester/fiberglass composites. The methodology used included physical-mechanical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical microscopy (MOP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to characterize the fibers and impact failure zones, as well as measurements of impact strength according to ISO 179-1 standard. The experimental design, with a two-factor quantitative approach, considered different percentages of natural fibers 20%, 25%, 30% of 100 mm in length and 155 µm in diameter. And an alkaline chemical treatment was applied (Mercerized 5M NaOH), with evaluations of impact resistance through tests of hybrid sandwich compounds as well as compounds of only natural fibers of dimensions 100 x 50 x 4 mm. The results proved significant variations in impact strength depending on the percentage of fibers and the use of chemical treatment. It was found that the highest percentages of fibers and applying the alkaline chemical treatment at 5M, sandwich-type hybrid composites resulted in a considerable improvement in impact strength due to the greater energy absorption due to a higher fiber load and the increase in adhesion between matrix and fiber due to the elimination of impurities by mercerization., achieving a 13% increase in impact resistance with 81.50 kJ/m2 for a Hybrid composite with chemical treatment of 30% natural fibers R+FN+FV/CT-30%. And an increase of 56% on the with treated hybrid sandwich type composites compared to the treated natural fiber composites. The one-way ANOVA analysis applied indicated sufficient significant differences in impact resistance due to the influence of the natural fiber percentage. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of the fiber percentage in designing polyester/glass fiber composites, ideal for application in car door panels where high impact resistance is required.
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TECHNOLOGY::Materials science