Conocimiento del consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados, etiquetado nutricional y de advertencia alimentaria en estudiantes de la UNT – Valle Jequetepeque
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Date
2025
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio es describir el conocimiento sobre alimentos ultraprocesados, etiquetado nutricional y de advertencia alimentaria (octógonos) en estudiantes de la UNT – Valle Jequetepeque. Para ello se aplicó un cuestionario a 323 jóvenes matriculados en el semestre 2024-II de las 10 Escuelas Académicas Profesionales. El cuestionario ha sido validado por siete profesionales relacionados a la alimentación, salud y procesamiento de los alimentos. La validación comprendió los ítems de “Adecuación” y “Pertinencia” superando el puntaje de 4 de un total de 6. El instrumento tuvo una confiabilidad de 0.79 obtenido mediante el coeficiente de Cronbach, calificándose como “excelente”. Tomando en consideración el criterio de “consumo de todos los días más consumo de cinco veces por semana” se tiene que los productos ultraprocesado más consumidos es el yogurt con 9.31 % y las bebidas gasificadas con un 6.39 %. Los criterios más influyentes en la elección de ultraprocesados son el sabor (43.9 %) y la facilidad de obtención (33.2 %). Los medios de comunicación más utilizados para informarse sobre alimentos ultraprocesados son las redes sociales (64.9 %) y la televisión (26.3 %). En cuanto a los aspectos considerados “más importantes” en las etiquetas son la fecha de vencimiento (78.19 %), la certificación de calidad (57.45 %) y la fecha de elaboración (55.32 %). Un 34.8% de los estudiantes tiene dificultades para entender las etiquetas nutricionales. Respecto al etiquetado de advertencia alimentaria (octógonos), el 73.7 % los reconoce como una alerta sobre nutrientes excesivos, y el 54 % afirma que su presencia influye en su decisión de compra. El 34.6 % asume que los productos sin octógonos son más saludables, y el 31.4 % considera que son de mejor calidad. Un 44.1 % de los estudiantes comprende y se siente capaz de usar la información nutricional para mejorar sus hábitos alimentarios, aunque un 17.8 % no tiene una opinión clara, lo que indica un área de mejora en el conocimiento y aplicación de esta información. Existe en los encuestados una baja comprensión del porcentaje de Valor Diario (26.3 %) en las etiquetas nutricionales. Esta investigación pretende contribuir con una línea base en el conocimiento para emprender políticas sociales que se encaminen a lograr el objetivo 3 del desarrollo sustentable (Salud y Bienestar), así como el objetivo 12 referido a la “Producción y Consumo Responsable”.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to describe the knowledge about ultra-processed foods, nutritional labeling and food warnings (octagons) in students at UNT – Valle Jequetepeque. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to 323 young people enrolled in the 2024-II semester of the 10 Professional Academic Schools. The questionnaire has been validated by seven professionals related to nutrition, health and food processing. The validation included the “Adequacy” and “Relevance” items, exceeding a score of 4 out of a total of 6. The instrument had a reliability of 0.79 obtained through the Cronbach coefficient, being classified as “excellent.” Taking into consideration the criterion of “consumption every day plus consumption five times a week”, the most consumed ultra-processed products are yogurt with 9.31 % and carbonated drinks with 6.39 %. The most influential criteria in the choice of ultra-processed foods are flavor (43.9 %) and ease of obtaining (33.2 %). The media most used to find out about ultra-processed foods are social networks (64.9 %) and television (26.3 %). Regarding the aspects considered “most important” on the labels, they are the expiration date (78.19 %), the quality certification (57.45 %) and the production date (55.32 %). 34.8 % of students have difficulties understanding nutritional labels. Regarding food warning labeling (octagons), 73.7 % recognize them as a warning about excessive nutrients, and 54% affirm that their presence influences their purchasing decision. 34.6 % assume that products without octagons are healthier, and 31.4 % consider that they are of better quality. 44.1 % of students understand and feel able to use nutritional information to improve their eating habits, although 17.8 % do not have a clear opinion, which indicates an area for improvement in the knowledge and application of this information. There is a low understanding among respondents of the Daily Value percentage (26.3 %) on nutritional labels. This research aims to contribute with a baseline of knowledge to undertake social policies that are aimed at achieving objective 3 of sustainable development (Health and Well-being), as well as objective 12 referring to “Responsible Production and Consumption”.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to describe the knowledge about ultra-processed foods, nutritional labeling and food warnings (octagons) in students at UNT – Valle Jequetepeque. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to 323 young people enrolled in the 2024-II semester of the 10 Professional Academic Schools. The questionnaire has been validated by seven professionals related to nutrition, health and food processing. The validation included the “Adequacy” and “Relevance” items, exceeding a score of 4 out of a total of 6. The instrument had a reliability of 0.79 obtained through the Cronbach coefficient, being classified as “excellent.” Taking into consideration the criterion of “consumption every day plus consumption five times a week”, the most consumed ultra-processed products are yogurt with 9.31 % and carbonated drinks with 6.39 %. The most influential criteria in the choice of ultra-processed foods are flavor (43.9 %) and ease of obtaining (33.2 %). The media most used to find out about ultra-processed foods are social networks (64.9 %) and television (26.3 %). Regarding the aspects considered “most important” on the labels, they are the expiration date (78.19 %), the quality certification (57.45 %) and the production date (55.32 %). 34.8 % of students have difficulties understanding nutritional labels. Regarding food warning labeling (octagons), 73.7 % recognize them as a warning about excessive nutrients, and 54% affirm that their presence influences their purchasing decision. 34.6 % assume that products without octagons are healthier, and 31.4 % consider that they are of better quality. 44.1 % of students understand and feel able to use nutritional information to improve their eating habits, although 17.8 % do not have a clear opinion, which indicates an area for improvement in the knowledge and application of this information. There is a low understanding among respondents of the Daily Value percentage (26.3 %) on nutritional labels. This research aims to contribute with a baseline of knowledge to undertake social policies that are aimed at achieving objective 3 of sustainable development (Health and Well-being), as well as objective 12 referring to “Responsible Production and Consumption”.
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Keywords
Alimentos ultraprocesados, Etiquetado nutricional, Octógonos de advertencia