Nivel de contaminación de las aguas del río Shiracmaca por efecto de la minería informal del distrito de Huamachuco - 2023
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La presente investigación trata del nivel de contaminación de las aguas del río Shiracmaca
en la localidad del mismo nombre ubicada a diez minutos del distrito de Huamachuco,
provincia de Sánchez Carrión, departamento de La Libertad producido por la minería
informal. El objetivo general fue de determinar el nivel de contaminación de las aguas del
mencionado rio producido por la minería informal. En el primer objetivo específico se
determinó las concentraciones de pH, OD y C.E. a lo largo del año 2024, para ello se
seleccionaron 08 puntos por conveniencia durante el mes de abril del 2024 a lo largo del
caudal del rio Shiracmaca y en toda su área de influencia. Se analizaron los parámetros
físico químicos y los metales presentes en dichas aguas. Se concluyeron que en los 04
primeros puntos tanto el pH, oxígeno disuelto y su conductividad eléctrica están cercanos a
los estándares de calidad del agua (ECA) según el D.S. N° 004-2017-MINAM, mientras
que los 04 puntos restantes, es decir, en los puntos PM-05 hasta PM-08 su pH oscila entre
6.9 hasta 7.8, es decir en estos puntos se podría utilizar para riego agrícola. Para el segundo
objetivo específico se analizaron la presencia de metales como el aluminio, antimonio,
arsénico, bario, cobre, plomo, mercurio, zinc, cadmio y cianuro las cuales determinan si
son o no aptas para uso agrícola. Como tercer objetivo específico se realizó una evaluación
comparativa de la calidad de agua obtenida con los estándares de calidad permitidos según
el ECA para agua, determinando que su pH es acido, hay escasez de oxígeno, de acuerdo a
la conductividad eléctrica no es apta para uso agrícola, la presencia de metales corrobora
esta afirmación.
This research deals with the level of contamination of the waters of the Shiracmaca River in the town of the same name located ten minutes from the district of Huamachuco, province of Sánchez Carrión, department of La Libertad produced by informal mining. The general objective was to determine the level of contamination of the waters of the aforementioned river produced by informal mining. In the first specific objective, the concentrations of pH, DO and EC were determined throughout the year 2024, for this purpose 08 points were selected for convenience during the month of April 2024 along the flow of the Shiracmaca River and throughout its area of influence. The physical-chemical parameters and the metals present in said waters were analyzed. It was concluded that in the first 04 points both the pH, dissolved oxygen and its electrical conductivity are close to the water quality standards (ECA) according to the D.S. N° 004-2017-MINAM, while the remaining 04 points, that is, in points PM-05 to PM-08, its pH ranges between 6.9 and 7.8, that is, at these points it could be used for agricultural irrigation. For the second specific objective, the presence of metals such as aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, copper, lead, mercury, zinc, cadmium and cyanide were analyzed, which determine whether or not they are suitable for agricultural use. As a third specific objective, a comparative evaluation of the quality of the water obtained was carried out with the quality standards allowed according to the ECA for water, determining that its pH is acidic, there is a shortage of oxygen, according to the electrical conductivity it is not suitable for agricultural use, the presence of metals corroborates this statement.
This research deals with the level of contamination of the waters of the Shiracmaca River in the town of the same name located ten minutes from the district of Huamachuco, province of Sánchez Carrión, department of La Libertad produced by informal mining. The general objective was to determine the level of contamination of the waters of the aforementioned river produced by informal mining. In the first specific objective, the concentrations of pH, DO and EC were determined throughout the year 2024, for this purpose 08 points were selected for convenience during the month of April 2024 along the flow of the Shiracmaca River and throughout its area of influence. The physical-chemical parameters and the metals present in said waters were analyzed. It was concluded that in the first 04 points both the pH, dissolved oxygen and its electrical conductivity are close to the water quality standards (ECA) according to the D.S. N° 004-2017-MINAM, while the remaining 04 points, that is, in points PM-05 to PM-08, its pH ranges between 6.9 and 7.8, that is, at these points it could be used for agricultural irrigation. For the second specific objective, the presence of metals such as aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, copper, lead, mercury, zinc, cadmium and cyanide were analyzed, which determine whether or not they are suitable for agricultural use. As a third specific objective, a comparative evaluation of the quality of the water obtained was carried out with the quality standards allowed according to the ECA for water, determining that its pH is acidic, there is a shortage of oxygen, according to the electrical conductivity it is not suitable for agricultural use, the presence of metals corroborates this statement.
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Keywords
Contaminación de las aguas, Minería informal, Metales pesados