Actividades económicas y calidad del agua del río Moche puente Constancia - puente Concón
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Date
2023
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La presión creciente de las actividades humanas, tanto poblacionales como productivas, está afectando negativamente la calidad de las aguas superficiales, lo cual se refleja en los ecosistemas acuáticos y supone un riesgo para la salud de las personas y la calidad de los productos agrícolas, agropecuarios e hidrobiológicos. Esta investigación aplicada con enfoque cuantitativo y diseño descriptivo correlacional tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre las actividades económicas y la calidad del agua del río Moche, específicamente en los sectores Puente Constancia y Puente Concón. Se tomaron muestras en las dos estaciones mencionadas, considerando la Laguna Grande como punto de referencia, por ser la cabecera de la cuenca. Se emplearon fichas y se realizó un recorrido por el área de estudio, estableciendo dos puntos de monitoreo.
El análisis de las características físicas, químicas y biológicas del agua durante las épocas de avenida y estiaje en las estaciones Puente Constancia (RMoche2) y Puente Concón (RMoch6) arrojó valores elevados, con una predominancia de metales pesados. En la estación RMoch2, se registraron altas concentraciones de arsénico (1.244 mg/L), cadmio (0.0328 mg/L), hierro (80.5 mg/L), plomo (0.1299 mg/L) y zinc (20.5 mg/L); mientras que en la estación RMoche6, se identificaron niveles significativos de arsénico (0.188 mg/L), cadmio (0.0544 mg/L), hierro (9.25 mg/L), cobre (0.3305 mg/L), plomo (0.1566 mg/L) y zinc (56.9 mg/L). Todos estos valores superan los límites establecidos en los Estándares de Calidad de Agua aprobados mediante D.S N° 004-2017-MINAM, correspondientes a la Categoría 3: Riego de vegetales y bebida de animales D1: Riego de vegetales.
La relación entre las actividades económicas y la calidad del agua es directamente proporcional. Las actividades mineras, pasivos ambientales como depósitos de relaves, bocaminas y escombros mineros, así como la presencia de residuos sólidos en el área de estudio, son las principales fuentes de contaminación de las aguas del río Moche.
The growing pressure of human activities, both population and productive, is negatively affecting the quality of surface water, which is reflected in aquatic ecosystems and poses a risk to people's health and the quality of agricultural, agricultural and livestock products. and hydrobiological. This applied research with a quantitative approach and descriptive correlational design aimed to determine the relationship between economic activities and the water quality of the Moche River, specifically in the Puente Constancia and Puente Concón sectors. Samples were taken at the two mentioned stations, considering the Laguna Grande as a reference point, as it is the headwaters of the basin. Sheets were used and a tour of the study area was carried out, establishing two monitoring points. The analysis of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the water during the flood and dry seasons at the Puente Constancia (RMoche2) and Puente Concón (RMoch6) stations yielded high values, with a predominance of heavy metals. At the RMoch2 station, high concentrations of arsenic (1.244 mg/L), cadmium (0.0328 mg/L), iron (80.5 mg/L), lead (0.1299 mg/L) and zinc (20.5 mg/L) were recorded; while at the RMoche6 station, significant levels of arsenic (0.188 mg/L), cadmium (0.0544 mg/L), iron (9.25 mg/L), copper (0.3305 mg/L), lead (0.1566 mg/L) were identified. ) and zinc (56.9 mg/L). All these values exceed the limits established in the Water Quality Standards approved by Supreme Decree No. 004-2017-MINAM, corresponding to Category 3: Irrigation of vegetables and animal drinking D1: Irrigation of vegetables. The relationship between economic activities and water quality is directly proportional. Mining activities, environmental liabilities such as tailings deposits, mine entrances and mining debris, as well as the presence of solid waste in the study area, are the main sources of contamination of the waters of the Moche River.
The growing pressure of human activities, both population and productive, is negatively affecting the quality of surface water, which is reflected in aquatic ecosystems and poses a risk to people's health and the quality of agricultural, agricultural and livestock products. and hydrobiological. This applied research with a quantitative approach and descriptive correlational design aimed to determine the relationship between economic activities and the water quality of the Moche River, specifically in the Puente Constancia and Puente Concón sectors. Samples were taken at the two mentioned stations, considering the Laguna Grande as a reference point, as it is the headwaters of the basin. Sheets were used and a tour of the study area was carried out, establishing two monitoring points. The analysis of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the water during the flood and dry seasons at the Puente Constancia (RMoche2) and Puente Concón (RMoch6) stations yielded high values, with a predominance of heavy metals. At the RMoch2 station, high concentrations of arsenic (1.244 mg/L), cadmium (0.0328 mg/L), iron (80.5 mg/L), lead (0.1299 mg/L) and zinc (20.5 mg/L) were recorded; while at the RMoche6 station, significant levels of arsenic (0.188 mg/L), cadmium (0.0544 mg/L), iron (9.25 mg/L), copper (0.3305 mg/L), lead (0.1566 mg/L) were identified. ) and zinc (56.9 mg/L). All these values exceed the limits established in the Water Quality Standards approved by Supreme Decree No. 004-2017-MINAM, corresponding to Category 3: Irrigation of vegetables and animal drinking D1: Irrigation of vegetables. The relationship between economic activities and water quality is directly proportional. Mining activities, environmental liabilities such as tailings deposits, mine entrances and mining debris, as well as the presence of solid waste in the study area, are the main sources of contamination of the waters of the Moche River.
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Keywords
Calidad de agua, Metales pesados, Relaves, Actividades económicas, Río Moche