Análisis de costos en el proceso constructivo de un canal ubicado en el área protegida del Parque Nacional Huascarán – PNH, para el riego de áreas de cultivo en la localidad de Chiquian – Bolognesi - Ancash
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Date
2018
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El proceso constructivo del Canal Tucu-Chiquián, ubicado en el área natural protegida del Parque Nacional Huascarán, presentó diversos factores que influyeron en su desarrollo y costos proyectados, esto debido que, al encontrarse en un escenario especial, se respetaron lineamientos ambientales de carácter riguroso. Además, los componentes de las partidas que definieron el costo unitario final, se encontraban estandarizadas, no existía una evaluación a detalle de los accesos y la real situación de campo, y socialmente el proyecto fue expuesto a la población beneficiaria, mas no concientizada a fondo por esta. La problemática en base surge por parte de los involucrados que elaboran y aquellos que aprueban este tipo de proyectos y demás documentos adjuntos; por tal, esta investigación analizo en detalle los costos para el proceso constructivo del canal, evidenciándose las notables variaciones económicas que surgieron frente a lo proyectado, se consideró describir tres sobrecostos generados de alta relevancia: Tratamiento de bofedales, Flete Rural e Impacto Social; para ello se realizaron cálculos del costo por metro lineal en condiciones normales comparados con el costo por metro lineal del canal con tratamiento en bofedales, se tomó datos en campo y se calculó los fletes adicionales de gran necesidad ante la inexistencia de caminos, y en último se profundiza la problemática social que surgió ante la no aceptación de una parte del proyecto; el resultado final describe que los sobrecostos representan un incremento del 2% del costo total de proyecto, valorizados aproximadamente en 400 mil soles. Finalmente, todo esto permitió en concluir y recomendar, la consideración de los análisis abordados para procesos de construcción en proyectos de irrigación similares ubicados en Áreas Naturales Protegidas.
ABSTRACT The construction process of Tucu-Chiquitán canal, located in the protected natural area of Huascaran National Park, it presented various factors that influenced in its development and projected costs, this due to being in an especial escenary, character rigorous environmental guidelines were respected. Also, the components of ítems that defined the final unit cost were standerized, didn’t exist a detail evaluation of the acces an the real situation and socially the Project were exposed to the benefit poblation, but not thoroughly aware. The problematic on the basis arises by those involved that produce and those improve this type of project and other accompanying documents; for this, this investigation analizaded in detail the costs for the construction process of the canal, evidencing the remarkable economic variations that arose in relation to the projected, it was considered to describe three costs overruns generated of hight relevance: treatment wetlands, rural freight and social impact, for this costs calculations were done by linear meter of the canal with treatment wetlands, took data field and calculated the additional freight charge of great need in the absence of roads, and at last deepens the social problems that arose due to the not acceptance of a part of project; the final result describes the the cost overrruns represent an increase of 2 % of total cost of project, approximately valued at 400 thousand soles. Finally, all this allowed concluded and recomend, the consideration of the analyzes for this contruction process in similar irrigation projects located in protected natural áreas.
ABSTRACT The construction process of Tucu-Chiquitán canal, located in the protected natural area of Huascaran National Park, it presented various factors that influenced in its development and projected costs, this due to being in an especial escenary, character rigorous environmental guidelines were respected. Also, the components of ítems that defined the final unit cost were standerized, didn’t exist a detail evaluation of the acces an the real situation and socially the Project were exposed to the benefit poblation, but not thoroughly aware. The problematic on the basis arises by those involved that produce and those improve this type of project and other accompanying documents; for this, this investigation analizaded in detail the costs for the construction process of the canal, evidencing the remarkable economic variations that arose in relation to the projected, it was considered to describe three costs overruns generated of hight relevance: treatment wetlands, rural freight and social impact, for this costs calculations were done by linear meter of the canal with treatment wetlands, took data field and calculated the additional freight charge of great need in the absence of roads, and at last deepens the social problems that arose due to the not acceptance of a part of project; the final result describes the the cost overrruns represent an increase of 2 % of total cost of project, approximately valued at 400 thousand soles. Finally, all this allowed concluded and recomend, the consideration of the analyzes for this contruction process in similar irrigation projects located in protected natural áreas.
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Keywords
Área Natural Protegida, Proceso Constructivo, Tratamiento de Bofedales, Flete Rural, Sobrecostos en Obras