Edad materna extrema, número de controles prenatales, trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, anemia durante la gestación y embarazo múltiple como factores asociados a restricción de crecimiento fetal en el HRDT durante el período 2022-2023
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Date
2025-01-15
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Determinar si la edad materna extrema, el número de controles prenatales, trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, la anemia gestacional y el embarazo múltiple son factores de riesgo para la restricción del crecimiento fetal (RCF).
Metodología: Estudio analítico, observacional y retrospectivo de tipo casos y controles con gestantes con partos atendidos en el Hospital Regional Docente de Trujillo en el periodo 2022-2023. Se realizó con 93 casos y 279 controles. Se determinó la frecuencia de exposición, la presencia de asociación a través de la prueba de Chi cuadrado y la fuerza de asociación mediante el odds ratio.
Resultados: Se encontró asociación estadística para preeclampsia severa (OR. 4.69) y el desarrollo de la RCF, más no se obtuvieron resultados concluyentes con los otros trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo; asimismo también se obtuvo asociación significativa con el número de controles <8 prenatales (OR 1.79). No hubo relación significativa con los antecedentes de anemia gestacional OR 0.82 [IC.95%: 0.50 – 1.34], edad materna extrema OR 1.32 [IC.95%: 0.81 – 2.13] y embarazo múltiple OR 1.52 [IC.95%: 0.37 – 6.19].
Conclusiones: La preeclampsia severa y el número de CPN <8 son factores de riesgo para RCF.
Palabras clave: restricción del crecimiento fetal, preeclampsia, anemia, embarazo múltiple, edad materna, atención prenatal
Abstract To determine whether extreme maternal age, the number of prenatal check-ups, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational anemia, and multiple pregnancies are risk factors for fetal growth restriction (RCF). Methodology: Analytical, observational, and retrospective case-control study involving pregnant women who delivered at the Regional Teaching Hospital of Trujillo during the 2022–2023 period. The study included 93 cases and 279 controls. The frequency of exposure was determined, the association was assessed using the Chi-square test, and the strength of association was evaluated through the odds ratio (OR). Results: A statistical association was found for severe preeclampsia (OR 4.69) and the development of fetal growth restriction (FGR), but no conclusive results were obtained with the other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; there was also a significant association with the number of prenatal controls <8(OR 1.79). There was no significant association with a history of gestational anemia OR 0.82 [95% CI: 0.50 - 1.34], extreme maternal age OR 1.32 [95% CI: 0.81 - 2.13] and multiple pregnancy OR 1.52 [95% CI: 0.37 - 6.19]. Conclusions: Severe preeclampsia and number of NPC <8 are risk factors for FGR.
Abstract To determine whether extreme maternal age, the number of prenatal check-ups, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational anemia, and multiple pregnancies are risk factors for fetal growth restriction (RCF). Methodology: Analytical, observational, and retrospective case-control study involving pregnant women who delivered at the Regional Teaching Hospital of Trujillo during the 2022–2023 period. The study included 93 cases and 279 controls. The frequency of exposure was determined, the association was assessed using the Chi-square test, and the strength of association was evaluated through the odds ratio (OR). Results: A statistical association was found for severe preeclampsia (OR 4.69) and the development of fetal growth restriction (FGR), but no conclusive results were obtained with the other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; there was also a significant association with the number of prenatal controls <8(OR 1.79). There was no significant association with a history of gestational anemia OR 0.82 [95% CI: 0.50 - 1.34], extreme maternal age OR 1.32 [95% CI: 0.81 - 2.13] and multiple pregnancy OR 1.52 [95% CI: 0.37 - 6.19]. Conclusions: Severe preeclampsia and number of NPC <8 are risk factors for FGR.
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Keywords
Restricción del Crecimiento Fetal, Preeclampsia, Anemia, Embarazo Múltiple, Edad Materna, Atención Prenatal