Sistema de riego por aspersión para Lolium perenne “Ray Grass”: Caso Ocoruro - Espinar – Cusco – 2023
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La ejecución de proyectos de riego por aspersión en la sierra del Perú está tomando más presencia en la actualidad debido a la ausencia de agua por sequías y la mala gestión del recurso hídrico a la que están acostumbrados mediante el riego superficial por lo que los proyectos en riego tecnificado resultan la mejor opción para optimizar el uso del recurso simulando el agua de lluvia logrando mayor producción de cultivo en las zonas altoandinas de la región del Cusco. El presente informe es el resultado de mi experiencia en la ejecución del proyecto de riego por aspersión para Lolium perenne, el cual comprende desde su diseño agronómico e hidráulico de la red de distribución hasta el funcionamiento, operación y mantenimiento del sistema, por lo que tiene por objetivo promover el manejo del recurso hídrico de manera racional y eficiente sin dañar el cultivo ni desgastar los suelos en el distrito de Ocoruro, provincia de Espinar, región del Cusco. El proyecto inicial consistió en la construcción de una represa, captación de río y canal de tierra sin embargo para lograr el objetivo era necesario el mejoramiento e implementación de un riego tecnificado que les permita a los usuarios regar sus pastos de manera más eficiente por lo que se ejecutaron 22.5 km de canal de concreto, con sus respectivas obras como pases peatonales, tomas laterales y canoas y diez sub sistemas de riego por aspersión que poseen componentes como desarenador, reservorio, válvulas de servicio, válvulas de purga, red de tuberías, cámaras rompe presión, válvulas de aire, válvulas de control, hidrantes y líneas de riego móvil. El sistema de riego implementado usa la energía de la carga natural para generar presión que será utilizada por los aspersores para regar pastos cultivados.
ABSTRACT The execution of sprinkler irrigation projects in Peru is currently taking on more presence due to the scarcity of water due to droughts and the poor management of the water resource to which they are accustomed through surface irrigation, so the projects in technical irrigation is the best option to optimize the use of the resource by simulating rainwater, achieving greater crop production in the high Andean areas of the Cusco region. This report is the result of my experience in the execution of the sprinkler irrigation project for “Lolium perenne”, which includes everything from the hydraulic design of its distribution networks to the operation and maintenance of the system, so its objective is to promote the management of water resources in a rational and efficient manner without damaging the crop or wearing down the soil in the district of Ocoruro, province of Espinar, region of Cusco. The project had a dam, river catchment and existing earth canal; however, to achieve the objective, it was necessary to improve and implement technical irrigation that would allow users to water their pastures more efficiently, so 22.5 kilometers of concrete canal were executed, with its respective works such as pedestrian crossings, side intakes and canoes and ten sprinkler irrigation subsystems that have components such as sand trap, reservoir, service valves, purge valves, pipe network, air valves, control valves, pressure breaker chambers, hydrants and mobile irrigation lines. The irrigation system implements uses the energy of the natural load to generate pressure that will be used by the sprinklers to water cultivated grasses.
ABSTRACT The execution of sprinkler irrigation projects in Peru is currently taking on more presence due to the scarcity of water due to droughts and the poor management of the water resource to which they are accustomed through surface irrigation, so the projects in technical irrigation is the best option to optimize the use of the resource by simulating rainwater, achieving greater crop production in the high Andean areas of the Cusco region. This report is the result of my experience in the execution of the sprinkler irrigation project for “Lolium perenne”, which includes everything from the hydraulic design of its distribution networks to the operation and maintenance of the system, so its objective is to promote the management of water resources in a rational and efficient manner without damaging the crop or wearing down the soil in the district of Ocoruro, province of Espinar, region of Cusco. The project had a dam, river catchment and existing earth canal; however, to achieve the objective, it was necessary to improve and implement technical irrigation that would allow users to water their pastures more efficiently, so 22.5 kilometers of concrete canal were executed, with its respective works such as pedestrian crossings, side intakes and canoes and ten sprinkler irrigation subsystems that have components such as sand trap, reservoir, service valves, purge valves, pipe network, air valves, control valves, pressure breaker chambers, hydrants and mobile irrigation lines. The irrigation system implements uses the energy of the natural load to generate pressure that will be used by the sprinklers to water cultivated grasses.
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Keywords
Diseño hidráulico, Riego por aspersión, Presiones, Pasto