Diversidad y distribución geográfica de culícidos de importancia médica en el distrito de Guadalupe, Región La Libertad, Perú
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2024
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Los culícidos son insectos muy diversos y ampliamente distribuidos en zonas tropicales y subtropicales, incluyen a vectores de enfermedades metaxénicas que afectan la salud del hombre a nivel mundial. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la diversidad, distribución geográfica y las características de los criaderos de culícidos de importancia médica en cuatro localidades del distrito de Guadalupe, región La Libertad – Perú, diciembre 2022 – julio 2023. Se describió y georreferenció las áreas de estudio, en las localidades de Alto Perú, Seman, Huabito y Calera, en donde se colectaron larvas de culícidos, mediante la técnica del cucharon, que fueron criadas hasta el instar IV y adulto, para el montaje y determinación. Después, se estimó la abundancia relativa, índices de diversidad de Margalef, Simpson, Shannon – Wiener y números de Hill de las especies de Alto Perú y Seman. Los criaderos fueron caracterizados según localidad y registrados en una hoja de campo. Se hallaron y describieron a siete especies, en Alto Perú los más abundantes fueron Culex pipiens, con 54,54% en diciembre y 67,64% en marzo y Anopheles pseudopunctipennis en julio con 72,90%. En Seman la mayor abundancia relativa fue de Cx. pipiens con 52,62% y 51,14% en diciembre y marzo respectivamente, y An. pseudopunctipennis en julio con 41,66%. Alto Perú tuvo el índice de Margalef menor con 0,4324, mayor dominancia con el índice de Simpson de 0,5767 en julio y el índice de diversidad de Shannon -Wiener alto, los números de Hill, indicaron el número total y especies raras registradas por localidad. Se elaboró un mapa de distribución geográfica de las especies de ambos lugares. La caracterización de los criaderos se presenta en tablas y figuras especificando dimensiones, flora y fauna asociada y los indicadores físicos-químicos del agua y ambiente. Las
especies determinadas fueron Culex pipiens, Culex corniger, Culex erraticus, Culex erythrothorax, Culex stenolepis, Anopheles albimanus y Anopheles pseudopunctipennis. Se registraron por primera vez para La Libertad a Cx. stenolepis y Cx. erythrothorax, esta es nuevo reporte para el Perú. Cx. pipiens y An. pseudopunctipennis fueron las especies más abundantes en Alto Perú y Seman. Durante marzo y julio, en Alto Perú, hubo tendencia, de la dominancia de especies a ser abundante y la uniformidad de Shannon – Wiener a ser mayor, y la diversidad de especies fue alta en diciembre, marzo y julio en Seman. Cx. pipiens tuvo más presencia en las dos localidades, no hubo registros en Huabito y Calera. Se encontraron criaderos naturales permanentes, artificiales permanentes y artificiales temporales, en Alto Perú, Seman, Huabito y Calera, respectivamente.
Culicids are very diverse insects widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas, including vectors of metaxenic diseases that affect human health worldwide. This research aimed to determine the diversity, geographic distribution and characteristics of medically important culicid breeding sites in four localities of the Guadalupe district, La Libertad region – Peru, December 2022 – July 2023. The study areas were described and georeferenced, in the localities of Alto Perú, Seman, Huabito and Calera, where culicid larvae were collected, using the ladle technique, which were reared up to instar IV and adult, for assembly and determination. Then, the relative abundance, diversity indices of Margalef, Simpson, Shannon-Wiener and Hill numbers of the species of Alto Peru and Seman were estimated. The hatcheries were characterized according to locality and recorded in a field sheet. Seven species were found and described, in Alto Peru the most abundant were Culex pipiens, with 54.54% in December and 67.64% in March and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in July with 72.90%. In Seman the highest relative abundance was of Cx. pipiens with 52.62% and 51.14% in December and March respectively, and An. pseudopunctipennis in July with 41.66%. Alto Peru had the lowest Margalef index with 0.4324, higher dominance with the Simpson index of 0.5767 in July and the high Shannon-Wiener diversity index, the Hill numbers indicated the total number and rare species recorded by locality. A map of the geographical distribution of the species in both places was developed. The characterization of the hatcheries is presented in tables and figures specifying dimensions, associated flora and fauna and the physical-chemical indicators of the water and environment. The species determined were Culex pipiens, Culex corniger, Culex erraticus, Culex erythrothorax, Culex stenolepis, Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis. Cx. stenolepis and Cx. erythrothorax were registered for the first time for La Libertad, this is a new report for Peru. Cx. pipiens and An. pseudopunctipennis were the most abundant species in Alto Peru and Seman. During March and July, in Alto Peru, there was a trend from species dominance to being abundant and Shannon-Wiener uniformity to being greater, and species diversity was high in December, March and July in Seman. Cx. pipiens had more presence in the two localities, there were no records in Huabito and Calera. Permanent, permanent artificial and temporary artificial natural hatcheries were found in Alto Perú, Seman, Huabito and Calera, respectively.
Culicids are very diverse insects widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas, including vectors of metaxenic diseases that affect human health worldwide. This research aimed to determine the diversity, geographic distribution and characteristics of medically important culicid breeding sites in four localities of the Guadalupe district, La Libertad region – Peru, December 2022 – July 2023. The study areas were described and georeferenced, in the localities of Alto Perú, Seman, Huabito and Calera, where culicid larvae were collected, using the ladle technique, which were reared up to instar IV and adult, for assembly and determination. Then, the relative abundance, diversity indices of Margalef, Simpson, Shannon-Wiener and Hill numbers of the species of Alto Peru and Seman were estimated. The hatcheries were characterized according to locality and recorded in a field sheet. Seven species were found and described, in Alto Peru the most abundant were Culex pipiens, with 54.54% in December and 67.64% in March and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in July with 72.90%. In Seman the highest relative abundance was of Cx. pipiens with 52.62% and 51.14% in December and March respectively, and An. pseudopunctipennis in July with 41.66%. Alto Peru had the lowest Margalef index with 0.4324, higher dominance with the Simpson index of 0.5767 in July and the high Shannon-Wiener diversity index, the Hill numbers indicated the total number and rare species recorded by locality. A map of the geographical distribution of the species in both places was developed. The characterization of the hatcheries is presented in tables and figures specifying dimensions, associated flora and fauna and the physical-chemical indicators of the water and environment. The species determined were Culex pipiens, Culex corniger, Culex erraticus, Culex erythrothorax, Culex stenolepis, Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis. Cx. stenolepis and Cx. erythrothorax were registered for the first time for La Libertad, this is a new report for Peru. Cx. pipiens and An. pseudopunctipennis were the most abundant species in Alto Peru and Seman. During March and July, in Alto Peru, there was a trend from species dominance to being abundant and Shannon-Wiener uniformity to being greater, and species diversity was high in December, March and July in Seman. Cx. pipiens had more presence in the two localities, there were no records in Huabito and Calera. Permanent, permanent artificial and temporary artificial natural hatcheries were found in Alto Perú, Seman, Huabito and Calera, respectively.
Description
Keywords
Diversidad, Distribución geográfica, Culicidae.