Flora medicinal empleada por el poblador de la provincia de Moyobamba, San Martin, Perú, 2023
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El estudio realizado en la provincia de Moyobamba, San Martín, Perú, tuvo como objetivo determinar la flora medicinal empleada por los habitantes locales, destacando el valioso conocimiento etnobotánico que aún se preserva. A través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 96 personas mayores de 20 años, utilizando la técnica de "bola de nieve", se recopiló información sobre el uso de plantas medicinales. Además, se identificaron un total de 106 especies, distribuidas en 98 géneros y 49 familias. Entre las familias con mayor número de especies destacan Solanaceae (8), Asteraceae (5), Fabaceae (5), Lamiaceae (5) y Verbenaceae
(5) que resalta la diversidad botánica de la región.
El estudio también reveló que la parte más utilizada de las plantas es la hoja, con un 43.1%, seguida por el tallo, con un 12.1%. En cuanto a la preparación, el cocimiento es el método más empleado (38.9%), mientras que la administración oral es la vía predominante (61.4%). Las especies con mayor valor de uso incluyen Plantago major, Maytenus macrocarpa y Equisetum bogotense, lo que subraya su relevancia en la medicina tradicional local, por otro lado, las afecciones mayormente tratadas por los pobladores son los relacionados al sistema respiratorio, digestivo y dérmico.
Del total de las plantas identificadas, ninguna se encuentra en la lista del DS 043-2006-AG, por otro lado, se destaca que la mayoría de las plantas se encuentran en Preocupación Menor (LC), y sólo una se encuentra En Peligro (EN) según la lista roja de UICN.
Estos hallazgos no solo resaltan la rica biodiversidad de la región, sino también la importancia del conocimiento tradicional en la salud de las comunidades rurales, donde el acceso a la medicina convencional puede ser limitado. La transmisión de este conocimiento ancestral ha permitido a los pobladores tratar afecciones clasificadas en 12 categorías según el ICD-2024, donde las predominantes son las respiratorias, digestivas, dermatológicas, cardiovasculares, lo que enfatiza la necesidad de conservar tanto la flora medicinal como el saber etnobotánico asociado. Además, estos recursos podrían ofrecer un potencial valioso para la medicina moderna y el desarrollo de tratamientos alternativos, lo que refuerza la importancia de su estudio y preservación en el contexto de la conservación biocultural.
The study conducted in the province of Moyobamba, San Martín, Peru, aimed to determine the medicinal flora used by local inhabitants, highlighting the valuable ethnobotanical knowledge that is still preserved. Through semi-structured interviews with 96 people over 20 years old, using the "snowball" technique, information on the use of medicinal plants was collected. A total of 106 species were identified, distributed across 98 genera and 49 families. Among the families with the highest number of species, Solanaceae (8), Asteraceae (5), Fabaceae (5), Lamiaceae (5), and Verbenaceae (5) stand out, showcasing the botanical diversity of the region. The study also revealed that the most commonly used part of the plants is the leaf (43.1%), followed by the stem (12.1%). Regarding preparation methods, decoction is the most frequently used (38.9%), while oral administration is the predominant route (61.4%). The species with the highest use value include Plantago major, Maytenus macrocarpa, and Equisetum bogotense, underscoring their relevance in local traditional medicine. Additionally, the most commonly treated ailments among the population are related to the respiratory, digestive, and dermatological systems. Of all the identified plants, none are listed under DS 043-2006-AG. However, most of the species fall under the Least Concern (LC) category, with only one classified as Endangered (EN) according to the IUCN Red List. These findings not only highlight the region's rich biodiversity but also emphasize the importance of traditional knowledge in the health of rural communities, where access to conventional medicine may be limited. The transmission of this ancestral knowledge has enabled the population to treat ailments classified into 12 categories according to the ICD- 2024, with predominant ones being respiratory, digestive, dermatological, and cardiovascular diseases. This underscores the need to preserve both the medicinal flora and the associated ethnobotanical knowledge. Furthermore, these resources could offer valuable potential for modern medicine and the development of alternative treatments, reinforcing the importance of their study and conservation within the framework of biocultural preservation.
The study conducted in the province of Moyobamba, San Martín, Peru, aimed to determine the medicinal flora used by local inhabitants, highlighting the valuable ethnobotanical knowledge that is still preserved. Through semi-structured interviews with 96 people over 20 years old, using the "snowball" technique, information on the use of medicinal plants was collected. A total of 106 species were identified, distributed across 98 genera and 49 families. Among the families with the highest number of species, Solanaceae (8), Asteraceae (5), Fabaceae (5), Lamiaceae (5), and Verbenaceae (5) stand out, showcasing the botanical diversity of the region. The study also revealed that the most commonly used part of the plants is the leaf (43.1%), followed by the stem (12.1%). Regarding preparation methods, decoction is the most frequently used (38.9%), while oral administration is the predominant route (61.4%). The species with the highest use value include Plantago major, Maytenus macrocarpa, and Equisetum bogotense, underscoring their relevance in local traditional medicine. Additionally, the most commonly treated ailments among the population are related to the respiratory, digestive, and dermatological systems. Of all the identified plants, none are listed under DS 043-2006-AG. However, most of the species fall under the Least Concern (LC) category, with only one classified as Endangered (EN) according to the IUCN Red List. These findings not only highlight the region's rich biodiversity but also emphasize the importance of traditional knowledge in the health of rural communities, where access to conventional medicine may be limited. The transmission of this ancestral knowledge has enabled the population to treat ailments classified into 12 categories according to the ICD- 2024, with predominant ones being respiratory, digestive, dermatological, and cardiovascular diseases. This underscores the need to preserve both the medicinal flora and the associated ethnobotanical knowledge. Furthermore, these resources could offer valuable potential for modern medicine and the development of alternative treatments, reinforcing the importance of their study and conservation within the framework of biocultural preservation.
Description
Keywords
Moyobamba, flora medicinal, medicina tradicional, etnobotánica, taxonomía