Detección de Colletotrichum spp. en frutos de Mangifera indica L., cv Kent, por cromatografía de gases acoplada a detector de masas
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Date
2022
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La antracnosis del mango, causada por diferentes especies de Colletotrichum, es la principal enfermedad fúngica de postcosecha del mango. La presente investigación buscó detectar la presencia de Colletotrichum en mango a nivel de postcosecha mediante la utilización de la cromatografía de gases acoplada a detector de masas. Para ello, un aislado de Colletotrichum sp. fue obtenido de una región productora de mangos de la región Amazonas. Un cultivo puro monospórico fue obtenido y con él se realizaron ensayos de patogenicidad, de caracterización e identificación del microorganismo. Frutos de mango del cv Kent en estados iniciales de maduración fueron utilizados para establecer los tratamientos consistentes en frutos inoculados y no inoculados, con y sin realización previa de lesiones mecánicas, además de los controles consistente en frutos sanos con y sin heridas, totalizando seis tratamientos, cada uno con seis repeticiones. A los 3 y 6 días, estos VOC fueron analizados por GC-MS. Los VOC encontrados variaron entre 65 y 85 dependiendo del tratamiento y estos compuestos químicos fueron detectados en frecuencias variables. No fue posible definir un compuesto que pudiese ser utilizado como marcador químico de infección. Sin embargo, al analizar la abundancia, estimada con el área de los picos de los cromatogramas, se encontró que el grupo químico de las olefinas presenta una disminución entre el tercer y sexto día cuando se trata de frutos no inoculados, mientras que aumenta entre el tercer y sexto día cuando los frutos están inoculados, sea con realización previa de heridas o no.
ABSTRACT Mango anthracnose, caused by different species of Colletotrichum, is the main postharvest fungal disease of mango. The present investigation sought to detect the presence of Colletotrichum in mango at the postharvest level by using gas chromatography coupled with a mass detector. For this, an isolate of Colletotrichum spp. was obtained from a mango-producing region in the Amazon region. A pure monosporic culture was obtained, and pathogenicity, characterization and identification tests of the microorganism were carried out with it. Mango fruits of cv Kent in initial stages of maturation were used to establish the treatments consisting of inoculated and non-inoculated fruits, with and without previous mechanical injuries, in addition to controls consisting of healthy fruits with and without injuries, totaling six treatments, each with six repetitions. At 3 and 6 days, these VOCs were analyzed by GC-MS. The VOCs found varied between 65 and 85 depending on the treatment and these chemical compounds were detected at variable frequencies. It was not possible to define a compound that could be used as a chemical marker of infection. However, when analyzing the abundance, estimated with the area of the peaks of the chromatograms, it was found that the chemical group of olefins shows a decrease between the third and sixth days when it comes to non-inoculated fruits, while it increases between the third and sixth day when the fruits are inoculated, whether with prior wounding or not.
ABSTRACT Mango anthracnose, caused by different species of Colletotrichum, is the main postharvest fungal disease of mango. The present investigation sought to detect the presence of Colletotrichum in mango at the postharvest level by using gas chromatography coupled with a mass detector. For this, an isolate of Colletotrichum spp. was obtained from a mango-producing region in the Amazon region. A pure monosporic culture was obtained, and pathogenicity, characterization and identification tests of the microorganism were carried out with it. Mango fruits of cv Kent in initial stages of maturation were used to establish the treatments consisting of inoculated and non-inoculated fruits, with and without previous mechanical injuries, in addition to controls consisting of healthy fruits with and without injuries, totaling six treatments, each with six repetitions. At 3 and 6 days, these VOCs were analyzed by GC-MS. The VOCs found varied between 65 and 85 depending on the treatment and these chemical compounds were detected at variable frequencies. It was not possible to define a compound that could be used as a chemical marker of infection. However, when analyzing the abundance, estimated with the area of the peaks of the chromatograms, it was found that the chemical group of olefins shows a decrease between the third and sixth days when it comes to non-inoculated fruits, while it increases between the third and sixth day when the fruits are inoculated, whether with prior wounding or not.
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Keywords
GC-MS, Compuestos orgánicos volátiles, Olefinas