Análisis metagenómico de la comunidad bacteriana del glaciar Pastoruri (Parque Nacional Huascarán, Perú), asociada a un entorno extremófilo
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Date
2020
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La deglaciación del Nevado Pastoruri está dejando expuestos grupos litológicos ricos en sulfuro que contaminan las aguas con metales pesados y disminuyen el pH, produciendo un drenaje ácido de roca (DAR), donde algunas bacterias extremófilas habitan y actúan como elemento catalizador acelerando los procesos de oxidación y acidificación. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la composición metagenómica de la comunidad bacteriana del glaciar Pastoruri, asociada a un entorno extremófilo. Para ello, se determinaron seis puntos de muestreo correspondientes a pequeñas fuentes de agua comprendidos entre el Parque Nacional Huascarán y el nevado Pastoruri, en los cuales se midió in situ los parámetros físico químicos del agua; posteriormente, se recolectaron las muestras de agua y sedimento, se realizó la extracción del ADN metagenómico, se realizó la amplificación y el secuenciamiento de la región V4 del gen 16S ARNr mediante la técnica IonTorrent PGM; luego, las secuencias se procesaron informáticamente para la determinación de las unidades taxonómicas operativas (OTUs); finalmente, para el análisis estadístico y la graficación de resultados se utilizó el software libre RStudio. Se obtuvieron 515787 reads agrupados en 2682 OTUs bacterianos y distribuidos en 11 Phyla (>1%) hallándose dos Phyla comunes para todos los sitios de muestreo correspondiendo a las Proteobacterias (68.54%), como las más abundantes, y las Acidobacterias (20.95%). Asimismo, los géneros bacterianos que mostraron abundancias relativas predominantes fueron Acidiphilium (39.08%), Nitrosovibrio (19.43%), Acidithrix (24.94%), Cyanobacterium (11.97%), Geobacter (14.27%), Rhodoferax (13.71%), Granulicella (10.90%) y Ferrovum (13.22%).
The retracement of the Pastoruri glacier (Huascaran National Park, Peru) is exposing sulfur-rich lithological groups that contaminate the waters with heavy metals and making the pH decrease, producing an acid rock drainage process (ARD), where some extremophilic bacteria inhabit and act as a catalyst, accelerating oxidation and acidification processes. Therefore, the objective of this work was determine the metagenomics bacterial community composition of the Pastoruri glacier, associated with an extremophile environment. To do this, six sampling points corresponding to small water sources between the Huascarán National Park and the Pastoruri glacier were determined, in which the physical-chemical parameters of the water were measured in situ; subsequently, the water and sediment samples were collected, the metagenomic DNA was extracted, the amplification and sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was made using the IonTorrent PGM technique; then, the sequences were processed by computer for the determination of the operative taxonomic units (OTUs); finally, for the statistical analysis and the graphing of results, the free software RStudio was used. 515787 reads were obtained grouped in 2682 bacterial OTUs and distributed in 11 Phyla (> 1%), finding two common Phyla for all sampling sites corresponding to Proteobacteria (68.54%) as the most abundant, and Acidobacteria (20.95%). Likewise, the bacterial genera that showed predominant relative abundances were Acidiphilium (39.08%), Nitrosovibrio (19.43%), Acidithrix (24.94%), Cyanobacterium (11.97%), Geobacter (14.27%), Rhodoferax (13.71%), Granulicella (10.90%) and Ferrovum (13.22%).
The retracement of the Pastoruri glacier (Huascaran National Park, Peru) is exposing sulfur-rich lithological groups that contaminate the waters with heavy metals and making the pH decrease, producing an acid rock drainage process (ARD), where some extremophilic bacteria inhabit and act as a catalyst, accelerating oxidation and acidification processes. Therefore, the objective of this work was determine the metagenomics bacterial community composition of the Pastoruri glacier, associated with an extremophile environment. To do this, six sampling points corresponding to small water sources between the Huascarán National Park and the Pastoruri glacier were determined, in which the physical-chemical parameters of the water were measured in situ; subsequently, the water and sediment samples were collected, the metagenomic DNA was extracted, the amplification and sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was made using the IonTorrent PGM technique; then, the sequences were processed by computer for the determination of the operative taxonomic units (OTUs); finally, for the statistical analysis and the graphing of results, the free software RStudio was used. 515787 reads were obtained grouped in 2682 bacterial OTUs and distributed in 11 Phyla (> 1%), finding two common Phyla for all sampling sites corresponding to Proteobacteria (68.54%) as the most abundant, and Acidobacteria (20.95%). Likewise, the bacterial genera that showed predominant relative abundances were Acidiphilium (39.08%), Nitrosovibrio (19.43%), Acidithrix (24.94%), Cyanobacterium (11.97%), Geobacter (14.27%), Rhodoferax (13.71%), Granulicella (10.90%) and Ferrovum (13.22%).
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Keywords
Drenaje ácido de roca; Bacterias; Acidófilos; Extremófilos; Secuenciamiento