Factores determinantes del empleo inadecuado en el Perú, 2018 – 2022
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Date
2023
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal analizar si el sexo, el estado civil, el área de residencia, la región de residencia, la edad, la experiencia laboral, la rama de actividad económica del centro de trabajo, la estructura de mercado y el empleo informal fueron factores que determinan el empleo inadecuado en el Perú durante el periodo 2018-2022. Para ello, se utilizó información de las bases de microdatos anuales de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares, específicamente del Módulo 5: Empleo e Ingresos, realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática durante ese mismo periodo. Luego, utilizando un modelo logit multinomial, se identificó cuáles eran estos factores determinantes a través de la estimación de las probabilidades que tiene un individuo en incurrir en un empleo inadecuado, pudiendo estar sobreutilizado o subutilizado, dadas las características mencionadas anteriormente. Así, se encontró que todos los factores analizados determinan el empleo inadecuado en el Perú, específicamente, ser hombre; residir en la selva en lugar de la costa; trabajar en empresas privadas, ser independiente, ser trabajador familiar no remunerado o ser un trabajador del hogar, en lugar de desempeñarse en el sector público; y ser informal, se asocia de manera positiva con las probabilidades de tener un empleo inadecuado. Por otro lado, pertenecer a un matrimonio en lugar de estar soltero; residir en zonas urbanas; mayor experiencia laboral; tener menos de 44 años; y desempeñarse en industria, construcción o servicios, en lugar de actividades extractivas, se asocia de manera negativa con las probabilidades de tener un empleo inadecuado.
ABSTRACT The main objective of this research was to analyze whether sex, marital status, area of residence, región of residence, age, work experience, branch of economic activity of the workplace, market structure and informal employment were factors that determine inadequate employment in Peru during 2018-2022. To do this, information was used from the annual microdata bases of the National Household Survey, specifically from Module 5: Employment and Income, carried out by the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics during that same period. Then, using a multinomial logit model, these determining factors were identified through the estimation of the probabilities that an individual has of incurring inadequate employment, being able to be overused or underutilized, given the characteristics mentioned above. Thus, it was found that all the factors analyzed determine inadequate employment in Peru, specifically, being a man; living in the amazon instead of the coast; work in private companies, be self-employed, be an unpaid family worker or be a domestic worker, instead of working in the public sector; and being informal, is positively associated with the probabilities of having inadequate employment. On the other hand, belonging to a marriage instead of being single; living in urban areas; greater work experience; be under 44 years old; and working in industry, construction or services, instead of extractive activities, is negatively associated with the probability of having inadequate employment.
ABSTRACT The main objective of this research was to analyze whether sex, marital status, area of residence, región of residence, age, work experience, branch of economic activity of the workplace, market structure and informal employment were factors that determine inadequate employment in Peru during 2018-2022. To do this, information was used from the annual microdata bases of the National Household Survey, specifically from Module 5: Employment and Income, carried out by the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics during that same period. Then, using a multinomial logit model, these determining factors were identified through the estimation of the probabilities that an individual has of incurring inadequate employment, being able to be overused or underutilized, given the characteristics mentioned above. Thus, it was found that all the factors analyzed determine inadequate employment in Peru, specifically, being a man; living in the amazon instead of the coast; work in private companies, be self-employed, be an unpaid family worker or be a domestic worker, instead of working in the public sector; and being informal, is positively associated with the probabilities of having inadequate employment. On the other hand, belonging to a marriage instead of being single; living in urban areas; greater work experience; be under 44 years old; and working in industry, construction or services, instead of extractive activities, is negatively associated with the probability of having inadequate employment.
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Keywords
Empleo, Nivel educativo