Determinación de la evapotranspiración potencial a través imágenes satelitales en la cuenca del río Moche. La Libertad, 2023
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Date
2025
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La evapotranspiración potencial (ETP) es un parámetro importante en la gestión del agua, ya que mide la cantidad de agua que se perdería por evaporación y transpiración bajo condiciones ideales de disponibilidad hídrica. En la cuenca del río Moche, en La Libertad, obtener datos precisos de ETP ha sido complicado debido a la falta de estaciones meteorológicas en áreas rurales. Para abordar este desafío, el uso de imágenes satelitales se presenta como una solución eficaz, permitiendo estimar la ETP de forma precisa y accesible. El estudio tiene como objetivo principal determinar la ETP en esta cuenca utilizando imágenes satelitales y métodos empíricos indirectos. Para ello, se delimitaron las subcuencas del río Moche mediante imágenes satelitales y se calcularon parámetros morfométricos, como área y perímetro. Se emplearon métodos como Thornthwaite, Hargreaves, Penman-Monteith y Blaney-Criddle para calcular la ETP. La comparación entre los resultados obtenidos mediante imágenes satelitales y los métodos convencionales mostró una alta compresión, validando la eficacia de las imágenes satelitales. Los resultados indicaron que el método de Penman-Monteith era el más preciso, mientras que otros métodos como Thornthwaite y Hargreaves fueron útiles, pero menos exactos. El uso de imágenes satelitales demostró ser una herramienta valiosa para estimar la ETP, especialmente en áreas con escasez de datos meteorológicos, y ofrece una base sólida para la gestión sostenible de los recursos hídricos en la cuenca del río Moche.
ABSTRACT Potential evapotranspiration (ETP) is an important parameter in water management, as it measures the amount of water that would be lost through evaporation and transpiration under ideal conditions of water availability. In the Moche River basin, in La Libertad, obtaining accurate ETP data has been challenging due to the lack of meteorological stations in rural areas. To address this challenge, the use of satellite imagery presents an effective solution, allowing for precise and accessible ETP estimation. The main objective of the study is to determine the ETP in this basin using satellite images and indirect empirical methods. For this purpose, the sub-basins of the Moche River were delineated using satellite images, and morphometric parameters such as area and perimeter were calculated. Methods such as Thornthwaite, Hargreaves, Penman-Monteith, and Blaney-Criddle were employed to calculate the ETP. The comparison between the results obtained using satellite images and conventional methods showed high correlation, validating the effectiveness of satellite imagery. The results indicated that the Penman-Monteith method was the most accurate, while other methods such as Thornthwaite and Hargreaves were useful but less precise. The use of satellite imagery proved to be a valuable tool for estimating the ETP, especially in areas with scarce meteorological data, and provides a solid foundation for sustainable water resource management in the Moche River basin.
ABSTRACT Potential evapotranspiration (ETP) is an important parameter in water management, as it measures the amount of water that would be lost through evaporation and transpiration under ideal conditions of water availability. In the Moche River basin, in La Libertad, obtaining accurate ETP data has been challenging due to the lack of meteorological stations in rural areas. To address this challenge, the use of satellite imagery presents an effective solution, allowing for precise and accessible ETP estimation. The main objective of the study is to determine the ETP in this basin using satellite images and indirect empirical methods. For this purpose, the sub-basins of the Moche River were delineated using satellite images, and morphometric parameters such as area and perimeter were calculated. Methods such as Thornthwaite, Hargreaves, Penman-Monteith, and Blaney-Criddle were employed to calculate the ETP. The comparison between the results obtained using satellite images and conventional methods showed high correlation, validating the effectiveness of satellite imagery. The results indicated that the Penman-Monteith method was the most accurate, while other methods such as Thornthwaite and Hargreaves were useful but less precise. The use of satellite imagery proved to be a valuable tool for estimating the ETP, especially in areas with scarce meteorological data, and provides a solid foundation for sustainable water resource management in the Moche River basin.
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Keywords
Evapotranspiración , Imágenes satelitales, Cuenca, Recursos hídricos