Nivel de conocimiento en hipertensión arterial e intervención educativa en pacientes hipertensos del AA.HH. La Pascona-Distrito de Chicama, 2024
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Este trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo relacionar el nivel de conocimiento con una intervención educativa en pacientes hipertensos del AA.HH. La Pascona - Distrito de Chicama, Región La Libertad. El tipo de investigación fue aplicada, de diseño pre experimental. La muestra de estudio estuvo constituida por 40 participantes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La intervención educativa se difundió mediante la distribución de invitaciones, consistió en doce sesiones en donde se usaron herramientas educativas de tipo interactivo y material didáctico. Al inicio se recogieron datos como peso, estatura, medida de la presión arterial, se aplicó un pre test para determinar el nivel de conocimiento relacionado con la enfermedad antes de la intervención educativa; y un post test luego de la misma. La información recogida se procesó, y analizó utilizando el programa Microsoft Excel 2021 y SPSS 22, con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Los resultados reflejaron que de las personas en estudio el 70% eran mujeres y el 30% hombres, el grupo etario más representado es el de 40 a 47años (27,50%), el 58,33% de los hombres completaron la secundaria, mientras que el 50,00% de las mujeres solo cuentan con primaria completa. De las mujeres, el 21,43% se encontraba en un nivel de conocimiento bajo, el 64,29% nivel medio; mientras que los hombres presentaron un nivel bajo de 16,67% y un nivel medio de 58,33%. Luego de las doce sesiones se aplicó el post- test, los resultados determinaron un nivel de conocimiento alto (100%), según la prueba de Rangos de Wilcoxon (p < 0,05). En la determinación de los valores de la presión arterial antes y después de la intervención educativa se observó una diferencia significativa entre las mediciones, dado que ambos p-valores son menores al nivel de significancia común (0,05). En cuanto a los valores del índice de masa corporal, se observó una ligera reducción luego de la intervención educativa, se encontró diferencia estadística significativa (p < 0,000). Concluyendo que la intervención educativa logró mejorar el nivel de conocimiento con respecto a la enfermedad, se considera que esto es importante para que las personas se empoderen de su tratamiento y mejoren su condición de salud
ABSTRACT This research work aimed to relate the level of knowledge with an educational intervention in hypertensive patients of the AA.HH. La Pascona - Chicama District, La Libertad Region. The type of research was applied, with a pre-experimental design. The study sample consisted of 40 participants who met the inclusion criteria. The educational intervention was disseminated through the distribution of invitations, it consisted of twelve sessions where interactive educational tools and teaching materials were used. At the beginning, data such as weight, height, blood pressure measurement were collected, a pre-test was applied to determine the level of knowledge related to the disease before the educational intervention; and a post-test after it. The information collected was processed and analyzed using the Microsoft Excel 2021 and SPSS 22 programs, with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that 70% of the people studied were women and 30% were men. The most represented age group was 40 to 47 years (27.50%). 58.33% of men completed secondary school, while 50.00% of women only completed primary school. Of the women, 21.43% had a low level of knowledge, 64.29% had a medium level; while men had a low level of knowledge of 16.67% and a medium level of knowledge of 58.33%. After the twelve sessions, the post-test was applied. The results determined a high level of knowledge (100%), according to the Wilcoxon Rank test (p < 0.05). In determining the blood pressure values before and after the educational intervention, a significant difference was observed between the measurements, since both p-values are lower than the common significance level (0.05). Regarding the values of the body mass index, a slight reduction was observed after the educational intervention, a significant statistical difference was found (p < 0.000). Concluding that the educational intervention managed to improve the level of knowledge regarding the disease, it is considered that this is important for people to empower themselves with their treatment and improve their health condition.
ABSTRACT This research work aimed to relate the level of knowledge with an educational intervention in hypertensive patients of the AA.HH. La Pascona - Chicama District, La Libertad Region. The type of research was applied, with a pre-experimental design. The study sample consisted of 40 participants who met the inclusion criteria. The educational intervention was disseminated through the distribution of invitations, it consisted of twelve sessions where interactive educational tools and teaching materials were used. At the beginning, data such as weight, height, blood pressure measurement were collected, a pre-test was applied to determine the level of knowledge related to the disease before the educational intervention; and a post-test after it. The information collected was processed and analyzed using the Microsoft Excel 2021 and SPSS 22 programs, with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that 70% of the people studied were women and 30% were men. The most represented age group was 40 to 47 years (27.50%). 58.33% of men completed secondary school, while 50.00% of women only completed primary school. Of the women, 21.43% had a low level of knowledge, 64.29% had a medium level; while men had a low level of knowledge of 16.67% and a medium level of knowledge of 58.33%. After the twelve sessions, the post-test was applied. The results determined a high level of knowledge (100%), according to the Wilcoxon Rank test (p < 0.05). In determining the blood pressure values before and after the educational intervention, a significant difference was observed between the measurements, since both p-values are lower than the common significance level (0.05). Regarding the values of the body mass index, a slight reduction was observed after the educational intervention, a significant statistical difference was found (p < 0.000). Concluding that the educational intervention managed to improve the level of knowledge regarding the disease, it is considered that this is important for people to empower themselves with their treatment and improve their health condition.
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Keywords
Nivel de conocimiento. Hipertensión arterial. Intervención educativa.