Mecanismos de estímulo para la producción de antibióticos en Bacteroidetes
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
En el marco del descubrimiento de nuevos antibióticos que permitan afrontar los efectos de la resistencia bacteriana, este trabajo de investigación tiene por objeto de estudio el grupo taxonómico Bacteroidetes, el cual ha sido subexplotado y sin embargo cuenta con un amplio potencial de producción de compuestos bioactivos. En específico, se exploró las taxas Pedobacter, Fulvivirga y Tenacibaculum con el objetivo de conocer qué mecanismos estimulan la producción de antibióticos dichos grupos. En el presente trabajo se exploró la actividad antimicrobiana de cepas de Bacteroidetes mediante el enfoque OSMAC, se diseñaron medios mínimos de cultivo con diversos sustratos como fuente de nutrientes, se prepararon extractos y estos fueron enfrentados contra cepas en una prueba de actividad antimicrobiana. Posteriormente, se estudió la expresión génica de dichos cultivos, se encontró que los Bacteroidetes en estudio pueden usar diversos sustratos y estos cambiaron la expresión génica de Clústeres de genes biosintéticos (BGCs) los cuales sintetizan productos bioactivos con potencial antibiótico y así también aumentaron su actividad antibiótica. Dado que se encontraron sustratos de Loci de utilización de polisacáridos (PULs) que actúan como estímulos, se consideró el hecho de que los PULs son genes conservados que caracterizan el filo Bacteroidetes y se realizó un estudio in silico de estos. Se estudió la homología del gen susD , como marcador de PULs, con susD de bases de datos, a fin de predecir los sustratos que pueden ser utilizados por las cepas en estudio, así también se exploró la homología de estos con otras cepas del mismo género y se encontró que los Bacteroidetes se pueden agrupar según la distribución de sus genes susD y tienen marcadores claros de tipos de susD conservados en cada grupo. Se concluye que la producción de antibióticos en Bacteroidetes fue inducida por los sustratos ensayados en medio mínimo. El uso de varios sustratos se puede predecir encontrando PULs y los Bacteroidetes se pueden agrupar según la distribución de sus genes susD , lo que permitiría la búsqueda de patrones de estímulo.
Within the framework of the new antibiotics discovery that face the effects of bacterial resistance, this research work aims to study the taxa Bacteroidetes which has been underexploited and has a wide potential for the production of bioactive compounds. Specifically, the taxa Pedobacter, Fulvivirga and Tenacibaculum were explored to know which mechanisms stimulate the production of antibiotics in Bacteroidetes. In the present work, the antimicrobial activity of Bacteroidetes strains was explored using the OSMAC approach, in this sense minimal culture medium were designed with various substrates as nutrient sources, extracts were prepared and these were confronted against bacterial strains in an antimicrobial activity test. Subsequently, Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs) gene expression was studies along cultures in different substrates , it was found that the studied Bacteroidetes can use various substrates and these changed the gene expression of BGCs which synthesize bioactive products with antibiotic potential and thus also increased their antibiotic activity. Given that substrates of Polysaccharide Utilization Loci (PULs) act as stimulus and the fact that PULs are conserved genes that characterize the Bacteroidetesphylum, it was carried out an in silico study of these. The homology of the susD gene was studied , as a PULs marker gene , and compare with susD from databases, in order to predict the potential substrates to be used , as well as the homology of these with other strains of the same genus. It was found that the Bacteroidetes can be grouped according to the distribution of their susD genes and have clear markers of conserved susD types in each group. It is concluded that the production of antibiotics in Bacteroidetes was induced by the substrates tested in minimal medium. The use of various substrates can be predicted by finding PULs and the Bacteroidetes can be grouped according to the distribution of their susD genes, which would allow to search for stimulus patterns.
Within the framework of the new antibiotics discovery that face the effects of bacterial resistance, this research work aims to study the taxa Bacteroidetes which has been underexploited and has a wide potential for the production of bioactive compounds. Specifically, the taxa Pedobacter, Fulvivirga and Tenacibaculum were explored to know which mechanisms stimulate the production of antibiotics in Bacteroidetes. In the present work, the antimicrobial activity of Bacteroidetes strains was explored using the OSMAC approach, in this sense minimal culture medium were designed with various substrates as nutrient sources, extracts were prepared and these were confronted against bacterial strains in an antimicrobial activity test. Subsequently, Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs) gene expression was studies along cultures in different substrates , it was found that the studied Bacteroidetes can use various substrates and these changed the gene expression of BGCs which synthesize bioactive products with antibiotic potential and thus also increased their antibiotic activity. Given that substrates of Polysaccharide Utilization Loci (PULs) act as stimulus and the fact that PULs are conserved genes that characterize the Bacteroidetesphylum, it was carried out an in silico study of these. The homology of the susD gene was studied , as a PULs marker gene , and compare with susD from databases, in order to predict the potential substrates to be used , as well as the homology of these with other strains of the same genus. It was found that the Bacteroidetes can be grouped according to the distribution of their susD genes and have clear markers of conserved susD types in each group. It is concluded that the production of antibiotics in Bacteroidetes was induced by the substrates tested in minimal medium. The use of various substrates can be predicted by finding PULs and the Bacteroidetes can be grouped according to the distribution of their susD genes, which would allow to search for stimulus patterns.
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Keywords
Antibióticos
Bacterias