Riesgos disergonómicos que inciden en la salud de los trabajadores del área de almacén de una empresa minera – La Libertad
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Los trastornos musculoesqueléticos en las empresas del sector minería generan enfermedades
ocupacionales causando así el ausentismo laboral. Por ello, esta investigación buscó identificar los
principales riesgos disergonómicos que existe en las actividades del área de almacén en una empresa
del sector minería a tajo abierto ubicada en el departamento de La Libertad.
Se realizó una evaluación ergonómica mediante la metodología REBA (Rapid Entire Body
Assessment) la cual permite analizar las posturas individuales que el colaborador adopta enfocándose
en los miembros superiores del cuerpo (brazo, antebrazo y muñeca) y del tronco, cuello y piernas,
para estimar el nivel de riesgo de sufrir lesiones relacionados con el trabajo
Los resultados de la evaluación sirvieron para plantear propuestas de mejora con la finalidad de
disminuir los riesgos disergonómicos, de esa forma evitamos futuras lesiones y trastornos
musculoesqueléticos tales como los problemas relacionados a la postura, daños al sistema
osteomuscular y definir acciones preventivas para los trabajos con movimientos repetitivos.
Luego de realizar las propuestas de mejora, se realizó una nueva evaluación tomando en cuenta las
recomendaciones hacia los trabajadores y se determinaron los resultados de su implementación.
Se identificó con un primer diagnóstico que el 40% de los puestos de trabajo tenían un nivel de riesgo
muy alto, 20% eran nivel alto y 40% nivel Medio y luego de la aplicación de la evaluación ergonómica
se obtuvo el 20% de nivel alto, 60% nivel medio y 20% con nivel bajo.
Se concluye que en las actividades de almacén están presentes los riesgos disergonómicos causados
por trabajos con movimientos repetitivos, el trabajador adopta posturas forzadas, esfuerzo mecánico
excesivo y tiempo de exposición prolongada.
Musculoskeletal disorders in companies in the mining sector generate occupational diseases, thus causing absenteeism from work. Therefore, this research sought to identify the main ergonomic risks that exist in the activities of the warehouse area in a company in the open pit mining sector located in the department of La Libertad. An ergonomic evaluation was carried out using the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) methodology, which allows analyzing the individual postures that the employee adopts, focusing on the upper members of the body (arm, forearm and wrist) and the trunk, neck and legs, to estimate the level of risk of suffering work-related injuries The results of the evaluation served to propose proposals for improvement in order to reduce dysergonomic risks, in this way we avoid future injuries and musculoskeletal disorders such as problems related to posture, damage to the musculoskeletal system and define preventive actions for work with Repetitive movements. After making the improvement proposals, a new evaluation was carried out taking into account the recommendations to the workers and the results of its implementation were determined. It was identified with a first diagnosis that 40% of the jobs had a very high level of risk, 20% were high level and 40% were medium level and after the application of the ergonomic evaluation, 20% were obtained as high level. , 60% medium level and 20% with low level. It is concluded that in warehouse activities there are dysergonomic risks caused by work with repetitive movements, the worker adopts forced postures, excessive mechanical effort and prolonged exposure time.
Musculoskeletal disorders in companies in the mining sector generate occupational diseases, thus causing absenteeism from work. Therefore, this research sought to identify the main ergonomic risks that exist in the activities of the warehouse area in a company in the open pit mining sector located in the department of La Libertad. An ergonomic evaluation was carried out using the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) methodology, which allows analyzing the individual postures that the employee adopts, focusing on the upper members of the body (arm, forearm and wrist) and the trunk, neck and legs, to estimate the level of risk of suffering work-related injuries The results of the evaluation served to propose proposals for improvement in order to reduce dysergonomic risks, in this way we avoid future injuries and musculoskeletal disorders such as problems related to posture, damage to the musculoskeletal system and define preventive actions for work with Repetitive movements. After making the improvement proposals, a new evaluation was carried out taking into account the recommendations to the workers and the results of its implementation were determined. It was identified with a first diagnosis that 40% of the jobs had a very high level of risk, 20% were high level and 40% were medium level and after the application of the ergonomic evaluation, 20% were obtained as high level. , 60% medium level and 20% with low level. It is concluded that in warehouse activities there are dysergonomic risks caused by work with repetitive movements, the worker adopts forced postures, excessive mechanical effort and prolonged exposure time.
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