Aislamiento y caracterización de bacterias endófitas diazotróficas asociadas a plantas de Ananas comosus L. Merr en la costa norte del Perú
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
En la actualidad existe una tendencia hacia una agricultura más sustentable y amigable con el medio ambiente, que busca reducir el empleo excesivo de fertilizantes químicos. En la costa norte del Perú existen muchos cultivos de importancia económica entre ellos está el cultivo de piña, en el cual los agricultores emplean altas dosis de fertilizantes químicos acarreando contaminación de aguas y deterioro de suelos; ante ello se buscan alternativas más conscientes con el medio ambiente y la salud humana como el empleo de biofertilizantes a base de bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno. Así el objetivo de esta investigación fue aislar y caracterizar bacterias endófitas diazotróficas asociadas a plantas de Ananas comosus en la costa norte del Perú, donde 47 muestras fueron colectadas en las regiones de La Libertad, Lambayeque, Piura y Tumbes. Las muestras estuvieron conformadas por raíces, hojas, tallos, yemas, inflorescencias y frutos; todas estas muestras fueron desinfectadas superficialmente, procesadas y sembradas en medios libres de nitrógeno (LGI-P, JNFb y JMV) para su aislamiento respectivo. Se logro aislar y conservar 330 cultivos bacterianos fijadores de nitrógeno (112 aislamientos provenientes de raíces, 55 de tallos, 99 de hojas, 4 de yemas, 6 de inflorescencias y 54 de frutos), de los cuales a 164 se les realizo caracterización fisiológica; obteniendo 89 aislamientos con la capacidad de solubilizar fosfatos (con IS 0.4 a 6.7), 18 de zinc (con IS 1.1 a 2.8) y 128 productores de AIA (1 a 120 ug. mL-1). De estas propiedades fisiológicas 10 cultivos bacterianos cumplieron con estas 3 propiedades. Algunos cultivos bacterianos aislados presentaron características morfológicas similares a los géneros Gluconacetobacter, Herbaspirillum y Burkholderia.
Abstract Currently there is a trend towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture, which seeks to reduce the excessive use of chemical fertilizers. On the northern coast of Peru there are many crops of economic importance, among them is the pineapple crop, in which farmers use high doses of chemical fertilizers, causing water pollution and soil deterioration; Given this, alternatives that are more conscious of the environment and human health are sought, such as the use of biofertilizers based on nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Thus, the objective of this research was to isolate and characterize diazotrophic endophytic bacteria associated with Ananas comosus plants on the northern coast of Peru, where 47 samples were collected in the region of La Libertad, Lambayeque, Piura and Tumbes. The samples were made up of roots, leaves, stems, buds, inflorescences and fruits; All these samples were superficially disinfected, processed and seeded in nitrogen-free media (LGI-P, JNFb and JMV) for their respective isolation. It was possible to isolate and preserve 330 nitrogen-fixing bacterial cultures (112 isolates from roots, 55 from stems, 99 from leaves, 4 from buds, 6 from inflorescences and 54 from fruits), of which 164 underwent physiological characterization; obtaining 89 isolates with the ability to solubilize phosphates (with IS 0.4 to 6.7), 18 of zinc (with IS 1.1 to 2.8) and 128 IAA producers (1 to 120 ug.mL-1). Of these physiological properties, 10 bacterial cultures met these 3 properties. Some isolated bacterial cultures presented morphological characteristics similar to the genera Gluconacetobacter, Herbaspirillum and Burkholderia.
Abstract Currently there is a trend towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture, which seeks to reduce the excessive use of chemical fertilizers. On the northern coast of Peru there are many crops of economic importance, among them is the pineapple crop, in which farmers use high doses of chemical fertilizers, causing water pollution and soil deterioration; Given this, alternatives that are more conscious of the environment and human health are sought, such as the use of biofertilizers based on nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Thus, the objective of this research was to isolate and characterize diazotrophic endophytic bacteria associated with Ananas comosus plants on the northern coast of Peru, where 47 samples were collected in the region of La Libertad, Lambayeque, Piura and Tumbes. The samples were made up of roots, leaves, stems, buds, inflorescences and fruits; All these samples were superficially disinfected, processed and seeded in nitrogen-free media (LGI-P, JNFb and JMV) for their respective isolation. It was possible to isolate and preserve 330 nitrogen-fixing bacterial cultures (112 isolates from roots, 55 from stems, 99 from leaves, 4 from buds, 6 from inflorescences and 54 from fruits), of which 164 underwent physiological characterization; obtaining 89 isolates with the ability to solubilize phosphates (with IS 0.4 to 6.7), 18 of zinc (with IS 1.1 to 2.8) and 128 IAA producers (1 to 120 ug.mL-1). Of these physiological properties, 10 bacterial cultures met these 3 properties. Some isolated bacterial cultures presented morphological characteristics similar to the genera Gluconacetobacter, Herbaspirillum and Burkholderia.
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Keywords
Piña, Fijadores de nitrógeno, Solubilización de fosfatos, Solubilización de zinc, Acido indol acético