Europa y el feudalismo
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Date
2019
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El periodo del Feudalismo en Europa tiene lugar a partir del siglo IX al siglo XIII. Se dio por dos factores fundamentales: las invasiones b�rbaras que asolaron Europa es decir al Imperio Romano de Occidente, formaron el Imperio Romano Germ�nico. Y por razones internas como, por ejemplo, cuando Carlos magno muri� se dio una gran divisi�n en el imperio ya que los sucesores no pudieron mantener el orden social. Entonces, Son las divisiones sociales jer�rquicas caracter�sticas del sistema pol�tico, militar y social que tuvo lugar en la Edad Media y cuya estructura de clases se fundamentaba en la posesi�n de tierras llamadas feudos y en la relaci�n resultante entre se�or y vasallo._x000D_
Este sistema pol�tico prevaleci� en Europa entre los siglos VIII y XIV, durante los cuales la mayor�a de sociedades eran agriculturas y se soportaban por la tradici�n feudal. Dentro del sistema feudal la mayor�a de derechos y privilegios eran dados a las clases sociales m�s altas. La divisi�n de clases dentro de la jerarqu�a del sistema feudal estaba bastante marcada entre las clases nobles y los aldeanos. A pesar de que la mayor parte de la poblaci�n de los feudos era de origen campesino, los derechos sobre la tierra solo pod�an ser ejercidos por las clases superiores._x000D_
Comparamos con el Per� en el periodo de la Rep�blica Aristocr�tica, donde el Estado manejaba las rentas, el presidente, as� como el se�or feudal, deb�a dar las �rdenes para la recaudaci�n e inversi�n de las rentas p�blicas que m�s beneficiaba a los grandes, pero fing�an protecci�n a sus s�bditos. El acto mediante el cual una persona se convert�a en vasallo y recib�a un feudo ten�a varias etapas. La primera, conocida como homenaje, era una ceremonia muy solemne en la que el vasallo se arrodillaba con la cabeza descubierta y sin armas ante su se�or, y colocaba sus manos juntas entre las de �ste, diciendo: �Se�or, yo ser� vuestro hombre�. Al homenaje segu�a el juramento de fidelidad, que el vasallo hac�a poniendo sus manos sobre la Biblia. Luego ven�a la investidura, en la que el se�or invest�a al vasallo del feudo, entreg�ndole un objeto simb�lico, como una espada, un ramo de flores y un pu�ado de la tierra. Luego la ceremonia terminaba con un beso en la boca que significaba intercambio de favores. Mediante el homenaje y la investidura se establec�a un contrato que impon�a diversas obligaciones rec�procas entre vasallo y su se�or, todo ello fue propia de la Edad Media en el periodo del Feudalismo.
Description
The period of the Feudalism in Europe has place as from the 9th to the 13th century. Surrendered for two fundamental factors: It is the barbarian invasions that desolated Europe telling the Roman Empire of Occident, they educated the Germanic Roman Empire. And for internal arguments like, for example, when the extraordinary Carlos died a great divisi�n in the empire since successors could not hold the social order took place. Then, They are the hierarchic characteristic social divisions of the political system, army officer and social that you had place in the Middle Ages and whose structure of classes was based on the landownership called territories and in the resulting relation between gentleman and vassal. _x000D_
This political system prevailed in Europe between the VIII th centuries and XIV, during the ones that the majority of societies were agricultures during and they bore themselves for the feudal tradition. Within the feudal system the majority of rights and privileges were given the upper crusts. The division of classes within the hierarchy of the feudal system was quite marked between the noble classes and the villagers. In spite of the fact that the greater part of the population of the territories was of peasant origin, the rights on the land alone could be exercised by the superior classes._x000D_
We compared with the Peru in the period of the Aristocratic Republic, where the State managed government bonds, the president, as well as the lord of the manor, he should have given the orders for the collection that more benefitted the big and investment of public revenues but they feigned protection to their subordinates. The intervening act which a person became vassal and received a territory you had several stages. The first one, acquaintance like homage, era a very solemn ceremony the vassal was kneeling down in bareheaded and without weapons in front of his gentleman, and he was placing his immediate hands between the ones belonging to this, saying: �Lord, I will be your man �. You obeyed the oath of allegiance to the homage, that the vassal made putting your hands on the Bible._x000D_
Next was coming the investiture, the one that the gentleman invested the vassal of the territory in, delivering a symbolic object to him, like a sword, a bunch of flowers and a handful of the land. Next the ceremony finished with a kiss in the mouth that meant interchange of favors. By means of homage and the investiture established a contract that imposed various reciprocal obligations between vassal itself and your gentleman, it all was its own of the Middle Ages in the period of Feudalism.
Keywords
Educaci�n, Historia, Historia de Europa, Feudalismo