Plan de mejora para mantener bajo control estadístico el proceso de empacado de arándano en una empresa agroindustrial de La Libertad
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El objetivo del trabajo fue diseñar un plan de mejora sobre el control estadístico de proceso para disminuir las mermas de materiales de embalaje en una Empresa agroindustrial empacadora de La Libertad. La metodología del trabajo se basó en la obtención de los datos estadísticos consolidados de la última campaña de producción de arándano, donde se clasificaron los materiales utilizados en 9 familias o categorías de acuerdo con el uso común del proceso productivo de empaque. Los resultados indicaron que las mermas de materiales de envases y embalajes de originaban por 4 motivos principales: calidad de fruta, exceso de producción, pedido cancelado y pedido completo para los cuales se generaron gráficos estadísticos para obtener la contribución porcentual, ponderada, en unidades y en costos de cada uno de estos motivos. Además, se obtuvieron las gráficas X-R y de proporciones para cada una de las familias, en donde se evidenciaron a lo largo de las semanas de producción cuales fueron donde hubo la mayor incidencia de mermas. Se calculó la capacidad del proceso expresado como Cp y la capacidad real expresada como Cpk, obteniendo valores de 0.7 y de 0.309, lo que indicó que el proceso requiere modificaciones para poder acercarse a un proceso más idóneo. Estas modificaciones se plantearon como soluciones a partir de un análisis de Pareto y de una matriz 5W y 2H en la cual se plantean alternativas de mejora para el proceso de empaque.
ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to design an improvement plan on statistical process control to reduce the loss of packaging materials in an agro-industrial packaging company in La Libertad. The work methodology was based on obtaining consolidated statistical data from the last blueberry production campaign, where the materials used were classified into 9 families or categories according to the common use of the packaging production process. The results indicated that the waste of packaging materials was caused by 4 main reasons: fruit quality, excess production, canceled order and complete order for which statistical graphs were generated to obtain the percentage contribution, weighted, in units and in costs of each of these reasons. In addition, X-R and proportion graphs were obtained for each of the families, which showed throughout the weeks of production which were where there was the highest incidence of losses. The capacity of the process expressed as Cp and the real capacity expressed as Cpk were calculated, obtaining values of 0.7 and 0.309, which indicated that the process requires modifications to be able to get closer to a more suitable process. These modifications were proposed as solutions based on a Pareto analysis and a 5W and 2H matrix in which improvement alternatives for the packaging process are proposed.
ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to design an improvement plan on statistical process control to reduce the loss of packaging materials in an agro-industrial packaging company in La Libertad. The work methodology was based on obtaining consolidated statistical data from the last blueberry production campaign, where the materials used were classified into 9 families or categories according to the common use of the packaging production process. The results indicated that the waste of packaging materials was caused by 4 main reasons: fruit quality, excess production, canceled order and complete order for which statistical graphs were generated to obtain the percentage contribution, weighted, in units and in costs of each of these reasons. In addition, X-R and proportion graphs were obtained for each of the families, which showed throughout the weeks of production which were where there was the highest incidence of losses. The capacity of the process expressed as Cp and the real capacity expressed as Cpk were calculated, obtaining values of 0.7 and 0.309, which indicated that the process requires modifications to be able to get closer to a more suitable process. These modifications were proposed as solutions based on a Pareto analysis and a 5W and 2H matrix in which improvement alternatives for the packaging process are proposed.
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Keywords
Arándano, Control estadístico, Mermas, Proceso, Producción