Prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal en escolares de centros educativos del distrito Mollepata, La Libertad, Perú, 2024.
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El parasitismo gastrointestinal a pesar de los grandes avances en ciencia y la tecnológica médica, representa un serio problema en la salud pública a nivel global destacando especialmente en naciones tercermundistas como el Perú, donde mayormente afecta comunidades rurales de la sierra, costa y selva, afectando más a la población infantil a los que adultos. Por ello este estudio determinó la prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal en alumnos de centros educativos del distrito Mollepata, La Libertad, Perú, 2024, mediante un análisis descriptivo. Se analizaron 179 muestras de materia fecal, usando el método microscópico directo, Parodi Alcaraz y de Graham, además de una encuesta. Se evidencio una prevalencia general de 70.9%, el grupo con más alto porcentaje de parasitismo fueron los estudiantes de 3-7 años 79.2%, respecto al sexo 72.2 % son de sexo masculino frente a un 70.1% sexo masculino. Entamoeba coli 26.8% fue el más prevalente, seguido de Giardia lamblia 16.2%, y el helminto Enterobius vermicularis 19.6% otras especies menos comunes Blastocystis hominis 8.9%, Ascaris lumbricoides 5.6%. En relación con los factores socio-epidemiológicos, el hacinamiento, escolaridad de sus progenitores, fuentes de agua así como presencia de animales en el hogar (p-valor < 0.05), resultaron ser estadísticamente significativos en relación con el parasitismo intestinal en los escolares; 73.9 % tienen viviendas catalogadas como malas, un 72.2% queman la basura. Estos resultados evidencian que las afecciones parasitarias intestinales son las más difíciles de controlar, no solo por su elevada prevalencia sino también por su asociación con varios factores que predisponen su presencia.
Despite great advances in science and medical technology, gastrointestinal parasitism represents a serious public health problem worldwide, especially in third world nations such as Peru, where it mainly affects rural communities in the highlands, more to the child population to whom adults. For this reason, this study determined the prevalence of intestinal parasitism in students of educational centers in the district of Mollepata, La Libertad, Peru, 2024, by means of a descriptive analysis. A total of 179 fecal samples were analyzed using the direct microscopic method, Parodi Alcaraz and Graham's method, in addition to a survey. There was an overall prevalence of 70.9%, the group with the highest percentage of parasitism were students aged 3-7 years 79.2%, with respect to sex 72.2% were male compared to 70.1% male. Entamoeba coli 26.8% was the most prevalent, followed by Giardia lamblia 16.2%, and the helminth Enterobius vermicularis 19.6% other less common species Blastocystis hominis 8.9%, Ascaris lumbricoides 5.6%. In relation to socio-epidemiological factors, overcrowding, parental schooling, water sources and the presence of animals in the home (p-value < 0.05), were statistically significant in relation to intestinal parasitism in schoolchildren; 73.9% have homes classified as bad, 72.2% burn garbage. These results show that intestinal parasitic diseases are the most difficult to control, not only because of their high prevalence but also because of their association with several predisposing factors
Despite great advances in science and medical technology, gastrointestinal parasitism represents a serious public health problem worldwide, especially in third world nations such as Peru, where it mainly affects rural communities in the highlands, more to the child population to whom adults. For this reason, this study determined the prevalence of intestinal parasitism in students of educational centers in the district of Mollepata, La Libertad, Peru, 2024, by means of a descriptive analysis. A total of 179 fecal samples were analyzed using the direct microscopic method, Parodi Alcaraz and Graham's method, in addition to a survey. There was an overall prevalence of 70.9%, the group with the highest percentage of parasitism were students aged 3-7 years 79.2%, with respect to sex 72.2% were male compared to 70.1% male. Entamoeba coli 26.8% was the most prevalent, followed by Giardia lamblia 16.2%, and the helminth Enterobius vermicularis 19.6% other less common species Blastocystis hominis 8.9%, Ascaris lumbricoides 5.6%. In relation to socio-epidemiological factors, overcrowding, parental schooling, water sources and the presence of animals in the home (p-value < 0.05), were statistically significant in relation to intestinal parasitism in schoolchildren; 73.9% have homes classified as bad, 72.2% burn garbage. These results show that intestinal parasitic diseases are the most difficult to control, not only because of their high prevalence but also because of their association with several predisposing factors
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Keywords
Parasitismo intestinal, escolares, prevalencia, factores epidemiológicos