Determinantes de la brecha salarial por género en el Perú urbano y rural, 2019-2020
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Date
2023
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo identificar y analizar los determinantes de la brecha salarial por género y su grado de influencia en la brecha salarial en el Perú urbano y el Perú rural en el periodo 2019-2020. Se utilizaron los datos de las Encuestas Nacionales de Hogares de dichos años para estimar Ecuaciones de Mincer corregidas por sesgo de selección y aplicar la descomposición de Oaxaca-Blinder. Así, las cuatro brechas salariales estimadas fueron Perú urbano y Perú rural para cada año. En los cuatro casos, la educación, tipo de jornada, formalidad y ocupación fueron determinantes. No obstante, los demás determinantes varían según el área de residencia y el año debido a los cambios en el mercado laboral generados por la pandemia del Covid-19 y diferencias entre áreas en niveles de informalidad, distribución entre ocupaciones y sectores económicos. En el caso del Perú rural en 2020, se encontraron posibles penalidades a la maternidad y, en los cuatro casos, a la informalidad. Finalmente, se encontró que las brechas pueden ser mayormente atribuidas a la discriminación salarial por género, es decir, las mujeres percibirían menores ingresos que los hombres incluso si tienen las mismas características.
ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to identify and analyze the determinants of the gender wage gap and its degree of influence on the wage gap in urban Peru and rural Peru in the period 2019-2020. Using the data from the National Household Survey (ENAHO) for the aforementioned years, this work calculates Mincer Equations with selection bias correction and apply the Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition. Thus, the four estimated wage gaps were urban Peru and rural Peru for each year. In all four cases, education, working time, formality and occupation were determinants. However, the other determinants vary according to the area of residence and the year due to changes in the labor market generated by the Covid-19 pandemic and differences between areas in levels of informality, distribution between occupations and economic sectors. In the case of rural Peru in 2020, possible penalties for maternity and, in the four cases, for informality were found for women. Finally, it was found that the gaps can be mainly attributed to wage discrimination by gender, that is, women would earn less than men even if they have the same characteristics.
ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to identify and analyze the determinants of the gender wage gap and its degree of influence on the wage gap in urban Peru and rural Peru in the period 2019-2020. Using the data from the National Household Survey (ENAHO) for the aforementioned years, this work calculates Mincer Equations with selection bias correction and apply the Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition. Thus, the four estimated wage gaps were urban Peru and rural Peru for each year. In all four cases, education, working time, formality and occupation were determinants. However, the other determinants vary according to the area of residence and the year due to changes in the labor market generated by the Covid-19 pandemic and differences between areas in levels of informality, distribution between occupations and economic sectors. In the case of rural Peru in 2020, possible penalties for maternity and, in the four cases, for informality were found for women. Finally, it was found that the gaps can be mainly attributed to wage discrimination by gender, that is, women would earn less than men even if they have the same characteristics.
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Brecha salarial por género, Oxaca-Blinder, Perú rural