Estudio comparativo entre los discos de frenos originales y alternativos del vehículo Toyota Hilux 2021
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Date
2024-04
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Publisher
Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito principal estudiar y comparar las
propiedades mecánicas de los discos de frenos originales y alternativos del vehículo Toyota
Hilux 2021.
Para realizar las comparaciones de las propiedades mecánicas se obtuvieron 2 juegos de
discos de frenos, original y alternativo, posteriormente se confeccionaron probetas en base
a las normas ASTM E8 E8M-13a para ensayos de tracción y ASTM E18-15 para ensayos de
dureza; también se realizaron probetas para ensayos metalográficos y resistencia al desgaste
abrasivo. Se encontró que el material de los discos de frenos originales tiene un esfuerzo de
rotura promedio de 181.0 MPa y los discos de frenos alternativos 214.3 MPa. Se descubrió
que el promedio de dureza de los discos originales es 54.8 HRA y el promedio de dureza de
los discos alternativos es 55.07 HRA. Respecto al ensayo metalográfico, observando por el
microscópico a aumentos de 500X y 1000X, se encontró que los discos de frenos originales
y alternativos tienen una matriz ferrítica con presencia de carbono en forma de láminas
largas, sin embargo, en los discos originales se apreció una mayor densidad y continuidad
del carbono en estado de grafito. Ante el ensayo de desgaste abrasivo se obtuvo un índice de
desgate para los discos de frenos originales de 4.444 𝑥 10−4 𝑚𝑔/𝑚 y alternativos
10.556 𝑥 10−4 𝑚𝑔/𝑚, además, los discos de frenos alternativos se calientan 24.63 % más
presentando una pérdida de masa de 137.5 % mayor en comparación con los discos de frenos
originales.
The main purpose of this research work is to study and compare the mechanical properties of the original and alternative brake discs of the Toyota Hilux 2021 vehicle. To carry out the comparisons of the mechanical properties, 2 sets of brake discs were obtained, original and alternative, subsequently specimens were made based on the ASTM E8 E8M-13a standards for traction tests and ASTM E18-15 for hardness tests; Specimens were also made for metallographic tests and resistance to abrasive wear. The material of the original brake discs was found to have an average breaking stress of 181.0 MPa and the alternative brake discs 214.3 MPa. The average hardness of the original discs was found to be 54.8 HRA and the average hardness of the alternative discs was 55.07 HRA. Regarding the metallographic test, observing microscopically at magnifications of 500X and 1000X, it was found that the original and alternative brake discs have a ferritic matrix with the presence of carbon in the form of long sheets, however, in the original discs a greater density and continuity of carbon in the graphite state. Based on the abrasive wear test, a wear index was obtained for the original brake discs of 4,444 𝑥 10−4 𝑚𝑔/𝑚 and alternative brake discs of 10,556 𝑥 10−4 𝑚𝑔/𝑚, in addition, the alternative brake discs They heat up 24.63% more, presenting a mass loss of 137.5% greater compared to the original brake discs.
The main purpose of this research work is to study and compare the mechanical properties of the original and alternative brake discs of the Toyota Hilux 2021 vehicle. To carry out the comparisons of the mechanical properties, 2 sets of brake discs were obtained, original and alternative, subsequently specimens were made based on the ASTM E8 E8M-13a standards for traction tests and ASTM E18-15 for hardness tests; Specimens were also made for metallographic tests and resistance to abrasive wear. The material of the original brake discs was found to have an average breaking stress of 181.0 MPa and the alternative brake discs 214.3 MPa. The average hardness of the original discs was found to be 54.8 HRA and the average hardness of the alternative discs was 55.07 HRA. Regarding the metallographic test, observing microscopically at magnifications of 500X and 1000X, it was found that the original and alternative brake discs have a ferritic matrix with the presence of carbon in the form of long sheets, however, in the original discs a greater density and continuity of carbon in the graphite state. Based on the abrasive wear test, a wear index was obtained for the original brake discs of 4,444 𝑥 10−4 𝑚𝑔/𝑚 and alternative brake discs of 10,556 𝑥 10−4 𝑚𝑔/𝑚, in addition, the alternative brake discs They heat up 24.63% more, presenting a mass loss of 137.5% greater compared to the original brake discs.
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Keywords
TECHNOLOGY::Engineering mechanics