Regulación de los accidentes in itinere en el Decreto Supremo N° 003-98SA: Vulneración del Derecho a la Seguridad Social
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Date
2021
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
En el contexto de las relaciones laborales, una de las contingencias más nocivas que -eventualmente- toca atravesar al laburante son los accidentes de trabajo. La presente investigación pretende evidenciar las deficiencias legislativas en la regulación de los accidentes in itinere o de trayecto mediante el Decreto Supremo N° 003-98-SA específicamente, cuando tienen lugar en el vehículo proporcionado por el empleador; a efectos de verificar sus implicancias en la vulneración del derecho fundamental a la seguridad social de todo trabajador. En primer lugar, se realizará un estudio exhaustivo a nivel legislativo, doctrinario y jurisprudencial de las principales instituciones que son objeto de análisis y servirán como base teórica para la consecución de objetivos de la presente investigación. En ese sentido, el Marco Teórico se compone de los cuatro Capítulos que se detallan a continuación: En el Capítulo I, se estudiará el derecho fundamental a la seguridad social y el sistema de Seguridad Social peruano; en el Capítulo II, se abordará lo concerniente al Seguro Complementario de Trabajo de Riesgo; seguidamente, en el Capítulo III estudiaremos a los accidentes de trabajo; y, finalmente, en el Capítulo IV se hará un estudio de los accidentes in itinere. En segundo orden, el análisis de los casos prácticos, específicamente, de los Expedientes Judiciales N° 05624-2016-0-1601-JR-LA-06 (tramitado ante el Sexto Juzgado Especializado Laboral de Trujillo) y Expediente N° 04047-2016-0-1601-JR-CI-01(tramitado ante el Primer Juzgado Especializado Civil de Trujillo), permitirá contrastar la hipótesis de investigación. Los hallazgos muestran que los accidentes in itinere -ocurridos en el vehículo suministrado por el empleador- cumplen con los presupuestos para ser calificados como accidentes laborales; no obstante, su exclusión mediante el Decreto Supremo N° 003-98-SA resulta arbitraria y vulnera el derecho a la seguridad social de todo trabajador, además, resulta discordante con lo dispuesto por la Ley N° 29783 el Decreto Supremo N° 005-2012-TR
ABSTRACT In the context of labor relations, one of the most harmful contingencies that -eventually- has to go through the worker are accidents at work. The present investigation aims to show the legislative deficiencies in the regulation of accidents in itinere or commuting accidents by means of Supreme Decree No. 003-98-SA, specifically, when they take place in the vehicle provided by the employer; in order to verify its implications in the violation of the fundamental right to social security of every worker. In the first place, an exhaustive study will be carried out at the legislative, doctrinal and jurisprudential level of the main institutions that are the object of analysis and will serve as a theoretical basis for the achievement of the objectives of this Thesis. In this sense, the Theoretical Framework is made up of the four Chapters that are detailed below: In Chapter I the fundamental right to social security and the Peruvian social security system will be studied; in Chapter II the matters relating to the Complementary Occupational Risk Insurance will be addressed; then, in Chapter III we will study occupational accidents; and, finally, in Chapter IV a study of commuting accidents will be made. In second order, the analysis of the practical cases, specifically, of the Court Files N ° 05624-2016-0-1601-JR-LA-06 (processed before the Sixth Specialized Labor Court of Trujillo) and File N ° 04047-2016-0-1601-JR-CI-01 (processed before the First Specialized Civil Court of Trujillo) will allow to contrast the investigation hypothesis. The findings show that commuting accidents -occurring in the vehicle provided by the employer- meet the budgets to be classified as occupational accidents; However, its exclusión through Supreme Decree No. 003-98-SA is arbitrary and violates the right to social security of every worker, in addition, it is discordant with the provisions of Law No. 29783 and Supreme Decree No. 005 -2012-TR.
ABSTRACT In the context of labor relations, one of the most harmful contingencies that -eventually- has to go through the worker are accidents at work. The present investigation aims to show the legislative deficiencies in the regulation of accidents in itinere or commuting accidents by means of Supreme Decree No. 003-98-SA, specifically, when they take place in the vehicle provided by the employer; in order to verify its implications in the violation of the fundamental right to social security of every worker. In the first place, an exhaustive study will be carried out at the legislative, doctrinal and jurisprudential level of the main institutions that are the object of analysis and will serve as a theoretical basis for the achievement of the objectives of this Thesis. In this sense, the Theoretical Framework is made up of the four Chapters that are detailed below: In Chapter I the fundamental right to social security and the Peruvian social security system will be studied; in Chapter II the matters relating to the Complementary Occupational Risk Insurance will be addressed; then, in Chapter III we will study occupational accidents; and, finally, in Chapter IV a study of commuting accidents will be made. In second order, the analysis of the practical cases, specifically, of the Court Files N ° 05624-2016-0-1601-JR-LA-06 (processed before the Sixth Specialized Labor Court of Trujillo) and File N ° 04047-2016-0-1601-JR-CI-01 (processed before the First Specialized Civil Court of Trujillo) will allow to contrast the investigation hypothesis. The findings show that commuting accidents -occurring in the vehicle provided by the employer- meet the budgets to be classified as occupational accidents; However, its exclusión through Supreme Decree No. 003-98-SA is arbitrary and violates the right to social security of every worker, in addition, it is discordant with the provisions of Law No. 29783 and Supreme Decree No. 005 -2012-TR.
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Keywords
Accidentes de trabajo, Accidentes in itinere, Normas técnicas del Seguro