Tamizaje fitoquímico y efecto analgésico del extracto hidroalcohólico de Plantago major “llantén mayor” en dolor inducido en Mus musculus BALB/c
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El propósito de este estudio fue identificar los componentes fitoquímicos presentes en Plantago major (llantén mayor) y evaluar el efecto analgésico de su extracto hidroalcohólico en un modelo experimental en ratones (Mus musculus BALB/c). Se realizaron ensayos fitoquímicos cualitativos para caracterizar los metabolitos secundarios, y pruebas farmacológicas empleando los métodos de placa caliente (Hot Plate) y el reflejo de retirada de la cola (Tail-Flick). Los resultados evidenciaron que las hojas de Plantago major contienen una variedad de compuestos, entre ellos azúcares, alcaloides, triterpenos, fenoles y flavonoides. En los ensayos de dolor, la administración de una dosis de 800 mg/kg del extracto hidroalcohólico del llantén mostró un efecto analgésico (p < 0.05). En el modelo de placa caliente, el tiempo de respuesta al dolor alcanzó un umbral de 120 ± 1.9 segundos en el minuto 120. Por su parte, en el método de retirada de la cola, se obtuvo un tiempo de 9.6 ± 0.2 segundos en el minuto 60. Estos valores superaron significativamente los obtenidos con la dosis de 400 mg/kg (108 ± 1.9 y 8.8 ± 0.3 segundos, respectivamente), aunque no lograron superar la respuesta analgésica observada en el grupo tratado con ketorolaco (2 mg/kg), que alcanzó tiempos de 225 ± 0.9 y 9.3 ± 0.2 segundos en los mismos ensayos. El análisis estadístico mediante prueba de Shapiro-Wilk confirmó que los datos no seguían una distribución normal, por lo que se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Esta mostró diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) entre los grupos y los tiempos evaluados, desde el minuto 30 hasta el minuto 120.
En conclusión, los triterpenos, fenoles y flavonoides fueron los compuestos predominantes en las hojas de llantén mayor. Además, la dosis de 800 mg/kg mostró una mayor efectividad analgésica en comparación con la dosis menor. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el extracto de hojas de Plantago major podría tener un uso terapéutico potencial en el manejo del dolor agudo.
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to identify the phytochemical components present in Plantago major (greater plantain) and evaluate the analgesic effect of its hydroalcoholic extract in an experimental mouse model (Mus musculus BALB/c). Qualitative phytochemical tests were conducted to characterize the secondary metabolites, along with pharmacological tests using the Hot Plate and Tail-Flick methods. The results showed that Plantago major leaves contain a variety of compounds, including sugars, alkaloids, triterpenes, phenols, and flavonoids. In the pain assays, administration of an 800 mg/kg dose of the hydroalcoholic extract demonstrated an analgesic effect (p < 0.05). In the Hot Plate test, the pain response time reached a threshold of 120 ± 1.9 seconds at minute 120. In the Tail-Flick method, a response time of 9.6 ± 0.2 seconds was recorded at minute 60. These values significantly exceeded those obtained with the 400 mg/kg dose (108 ± 1.9 and 8.8 ± 0.3 seconds, respectively), although they did not surpass the analgesic response observed in the group treated with ketorolac (2 mg/kg), which reached response times of 225 ± 0.9 and 9.3 ± 0.2 seconds in the same tests. Statistical analysis using the Shapiro- Wilk test confirmed that the data did not follow a normal distribution, so the Kruskal- Wallis test was applied. This analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the groups and evaluated times, from minute 30 to minute 120. In conclusion, triterpenes, phenols, and flavonoids were the predominant compounds in the leaves of Plantago major. Additionally, the 800 mg/kg dose showed greater analgesic effectiveness compared to the lower dose. These findings suggest that the Plantago major leaf extract could have potential therapeutic use in managing acute pain.
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to identify the phytochemical components present in Plantago major (greater plantain) and evaluate the analgesic effect of its hydroalcoholic extract in an experimental mouse model (Mus musculus BALB/c). Qualitative phytochemical tests were conducted to characterize the secondary metabolites, along with pharmacological tests using the Hot Plate and Tail-Flick methods. The results showed that Plantago major leaves contain a variety of compounds, including sugars, alkaloids, triterpenes, phenols, and flavonoids. In the pain assays, administration of an 800 mg/kg dose of the hydroalcoholic extract demonstrated an analgesic effect (p < 0.05). In the Hot Plate test, the pain response time reached a threshold of 120 ± 1.9 seconds at minute 120. In the Tail-Flick method, a response time of 9.6 ± 0.2 seconds was recorded at minute 60. These values significantly exceeded those obtained with the 400 mg/kg dose (108 ± 1.9 and 8.8 ± 0.3 seconds, respectively), although they did not surpass the analgesic response observed in the group treated with ketorolac (2 mg/kg), which reached response times of 225 ± 0.9 and 9.3 ± 0.2 seconds in the same tests. Statistical analysis using the Shapiro- Wilk test confirmed that the data did not follow a normal distribution, so the Kruskal- Wallis test was applied. This analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the groups and evaluated times, from minute 30 to minute 120. In conclusion, triterpenes, phenols, and flavonoids were the predominant compounds in the leaves of Plantago major. Additionally, the 800 mg/kg dose showed greater analgesic effectiveness compared to the lower dose. These findings suggest that the Plantago major leaf extract could have potential therapeutic use in managing acute pain.
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Keywords
Plantago major. Ketorolaco. Mus musculus.