Factores de riesgo asociados a ictericia neonatal en el Hospital de Especialidades Básicas La Noria
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Date
2024-12-10
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La investigación titulada "Factores de riesgo asociados a ictericia neonatal en el Hospital de Especialidades Básicas La Noria" tuvo como objetivo establecer los factores maternos y neonatales asociados a la ictericia neonatal en los años 2022 y 2023. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental, explicativo, transversal y retrospectivo. La muestra incluyó 48 historias clínicas neonatales, equilibrando recién nacidos con y sin diagnóstico de ictericia. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba Chi cuadrado. Los hallazgos revelaron que no se encontraron factores de riesgo maternos asociados a ictericia neonatal. Además, algunos de los factores neonatales identificados fueron la sepsis neonatal y la incompatibilidad sanguínea (p=0.001 y p=0.014, respectivamente). Además, se observó una predominancia del sexo femenino (87.4%), la frecuencia de eliminación de orina y meconio en las primeras 24 horas (p=0.000), sugiriendo que las prácticas adecuadas de lactancia podrían ayudar a prevenir la ictericia. En conclusión, no se identificaron factores de riesgo maternos; y, los factores de riesgo neonatales fueron la sepsis neonatal, la incompatibilidad sanguínea, el sexo femenino, la frecuencia de eliminación de orina y meconio en las primeras 24 horas. Lo que subraya la importancia de un enfoque preventivo que incluya la identificación temprana de factores neonatales y la promoción de la lactancia materna exclusiva.
The research titled "Risk factors associated with neonatal jaundice at the La Noria Basic Specialties Hospital" aimed to establish the maternal and neonatal factors associated with neonatal jaundice in the years 2022 and 2023. A quantitative approach was used with a non-invasive design. experimental and explanatory, transversal and retrospective. The sample included 48 neonatal medical records, balancing newborns with and without a diagnosis of jaundice. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi square test. The findings revealed that no maternal risk factors associated with neonatal jaundice were found. Additionally, some of the neonatal factors identified were neonatal sepsis and blood incompatibility (p=0.001 and p=0.014, respectively). In addition, a predominance of the female sex was observed (87.4%), the frequency of urine and meconium elimination in the first 24 hours (p=0.000), suggesting that adequate breastfeeding practices could help prevent jaundice. In conclusion, no maternal risk factors were identified; and, the neonatal risk factors were neonatal sepsis, blood incompatibility, female sex, frequency of urine and meconium elimination in the first 24 hours. This underlines the importance of a preventive approach that includes the early identification of neonatal factors and the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding.
The research titled "Risk factors associated with neonatal jaundice at the La Noria Basic Specialties Hospital" aimed to establish the maternal and neonatal factors associated with neonatal jaundice in the years 2022 and 2023. A quantitative approach was used with a non-invasive design. experimental and explanatory, transversal and retrospective. The sample included 48 neonatal medical records, balancing newborns with and without a diagnosis of jaundice. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi square test. The findings revealed that no maternal risk factors associated with neonatal jaundice were found. Additionally, some of the neonatal factors identified were neonatal sepsis and blood incompatibility (p=0.001 and p=0.014, respectively). In addition, a predominance of the female sex was observed (87.4%), the frequency of urine and meconium elimination in the first 24 hours (p=0.000), suggesting that adequate breastfeeding practices could help prevent jaundice. In conclusion, no maternal risk factors were identified; and, the neonatal risk factors were neonatal sepsis, blood incompatibility, female sex, frequency of urine and meconium elimination in the first 24 hours. This underlines the importance of a preventive approach that includes the early identification of neonatal factors and the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding.
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Keywords
Factores de riesgo
ictericia neonatal
neonatos