Incidencia de aflatoxinas en maíz nacional destinado a la crianza traspatio comercializado en tres molinos del Parque Industrial Trujillo 2024
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Date
2025
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
En el Perú, la crianza de traspatio depende del maíz como fuente principal de alimentación es por ello que este estudio tiene como objetivo principal analizar la incidencia de aflatoxinas en maíz nacional destinado a la crianza de traspatio en Trujillo, Perú. El estudio se realizó en tres molinos ubicados en el Parque Industrial de Trujillo, donde se recolectaron 36 muestras de maíz, con 4 muestras por cada presentación: maíz entero, maíz chancado y maíz molido. Como parte de la evaluación, también se registraron parámetros ambientales como la temperatura y humedad de los almacenes donde se guardaba el maíz, ya que estos factores pueden influir directamente en la proliferación de los hongos productores de aflatoxinas. A través de la cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas (LC-MS), se detectaron y cuantificaron los niveles de aflatoxinas en las muestras.Los resultados mostraron que 33.3% de todas las muestras colectadas dieron positivo para aflatoxinas. De estas, el 50% corresponde al maíz tipo molido, y el maíz amarillo duro en la categoría chancado también presentó niveles significativos de aflatoxinas. Además, el análisis reveló que la humedad con valores entre 12% y 16% influenciaron directamente la presencia de micotoxinas en el maíz, favoreciendo la proliferación de los hongos productores de aflatoxinas. De manera específica, en los tres molinos analizados, el 47.7% de las muestras positivas pertenecen al Molino 1, el 58.3% al Molino 2, y el Molino 3 no presentó muestras positivas para aflatoxinas. Estos resultados indican una alta prevalencia de contaminación por aflatoxinas en los molinos 1 y 2. Finalmente, se concluye que es necesario implementar medidas de control y prevención en el almacenamiento además de estrategias adecuadas para el control de aflatoxinas del maíz para la crianza de traspatio.
ABSTRACT In Peru, backyard livestock farming depends on corn as the main source of food, which is why this study aims to analyze the incidence of aflatoxins in national corn intended for backyard farming in Trujillo, Peru. The study was conducted in three mills located in the Industrial Park of Trujillo, where 36 corn samples were collected, with 4 samples from each type: whole corn, cracked corn, and ground corn. As part of the evaluation, environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity in the storage areas of the corn were also recorded, as these factors can directly influence the proliferation of aflatoxin-producing fungi. Using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), aflatoxin levels were detected and quantified in the samples. The results showed that 33.3% of all collected samples tested positive for aflatoxins. Of these, 50% were ground corn, and hard yellow corn in the cracked category also showed significant levels of aflatoxins. Moreover, the analysis revealed that humidity levels between 12% and 16% directly influenced the presence of mycotoxins in the corn, favoring the proliferation of aflatoxin-producing fungi. Specifically, in the three mills analyzed, 47.7% of positive samples came from Mill 1, 58.3% from Mill 2, and Mill 3 had no positive samples for aflatoxins. These results indicate a high prevalence of aflatoxin contamination in Mills 1 and 2. Finally, it is concluded that control and prevention measures need to be implemented in storage, as well as adequate strategies for controlling aflatoxins in corn for backyard farming.
ABSTRACT In Peru, backyard livestock farming depends on corn as the main source of food, which is why this study aims to analyze the incidence of aflatoxins in national corn intended for backyard farming in Trujillo, Peru. The study was conducted in three mills located in the Industrial Park of Trujillo, where 36 corn samples were collected, with 4 samples from each type: whole corn, cracked corn, and ground corn. As part of the evaluation, environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity in the storage areas of the corn were also recorded, as these factors can directly influence the proliferation of aflatoxin-producing fungi. Using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), aflatoxin levels were detected and quantified in the samples. The results showed that 33.3% of all collected samples tested positive for aflatoxins. Of these, 50% were ground corn, and hard yellow corn in the cracked category also showed significant levels of aflatoxins. Moreover, the analysis revealed that humidity levels between 12% and 16% directly influenced the presence of mycotoxins in the corn, favoring the proliferation of aflatoxin-producing fungi. Specifically, in the three mills analyzed, 47.7% of positive samples came from Mill 1, 58.3% from Mill 2, and Mill 3 had no positive samples for aflatoxins. These results indicate a high prevalence of aflatoxin contamination in Mills 1 and 2. Finally, it is concluded that control and prevention measures need to be implemented in storage, as well as adequate strategies for controlling aflatoxins in corn for backyard farming.
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Keywords
Aflatoxinas, Maíz, Producción animal, Crianza de traspatio, Micotoxinas