Diseño de un Aerogenerador de bajo potencial ubicado cerca al mar en la ciudad de Nuevo Chimbote – Ancash - Perú
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Date
2024-07
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
En este proyecto se realizó el diseño y construcción de un aerogenerador de eje
horizontal de baja potencia en un recinto familiar de 8 personas, con una potencia
nominal de 500 Watts. Primero se obtuvo la data del recurso eólico, tomando
medidas diarias de velocidades de viento. Con el análisis de Weibull y la ley de
Hellman se calculó una velocidad de 9.35 m/s a 8 metros de altura. Luego se
compararon los perfiles NACA0012, SG6043 y SD7080(9.2%) con los datos de
relación CL/CD, Cp máximo y radio de álabe, seleccionado al perfil SG6043 por
tener los mejores valores: CL/CD igual a 81.11, Cp máximo igual a 0.4950 y radio
de 1.11 metros. Se dimensionó el álabe utilizando el método BEM sin rotación de
estela y se diseñó con el software FreeCAD. Se dimensionaron los demás
componentes que conforman la turbina eólica guiándose del manual de Hugh
Piggot. Se fabricaron componentes en acero (metalmecánica) y en PLA+ (impresión
3D). Se ensambló y se puso en marcha, validando que a 5.5 m/s se genera una
potencia aproximada de 90 Watts. La potencia nominal del aerogenerador resulta
cercano a 500 Watts a una velocidad de 10 m/s, brindando una energía anual de
1533 kWh. Del análisis económico, con una vida útil de 5 años y con una inversión
inicial de 7513 nuevos soles, se calcularon los siguientes indicadores: PRC igual a
3.4 años, VAN igual a 858.36 nuevos soles, TIR igual al 15 % y RBC igual a 1.12,
concluyendo la viabilidad positiva del proyecto.
In this project, a low-power horizontal axis wind turbine was designed and built in a family compound for 8 people, with a nominal power of 500 Watts. First, the wind resource data was obtained by taking daily measurements of wind speeds. Using Weibull analysis and Hellman's law, a wind speed of 9.35 m/s at 8 meters height was calculated. Then, the NACA0012, SG6043 and SD7080(9.2%) profiles were compared with the data of CL/CD ratio, maximum Cp and blade radius, selecting the SG6043 profile for having the best values: CL/CD equal to 81.11, maximum Cp equal to 0.4950 and radius of 1.11 meters. The blade was dimensioned using the BEM method without wake rotation and was designed with FreeCAD software. The other components that make up the wind turbine were dimensioned using Hugh Piggot's manual as a guide. Components were fabricated in steel (metal mechanics) and PLA+ (3D printing). It was assembled and started up, validating that at 5.5 m/s it generates an approximate power of 90 Watts. The nominal power of the wind turbine is close to 500 Watts at a speed of 10 m/s, providing an annual energy of 1533 kWh. From the economic analysis, with a useful life of 5 years and an initial investment of 7513 nuevos soles, the following indicators were calculated: PRC equal to 3.4 years, NPV equal to 858.36 nuevos soles, IRR equal to 15% and RBC equal to 1.12, concluding the positive viability of the project.
In this project, a low-power horizontal axis wind turbine was designed and built in a family compound for 8 people, with a nominal power of 500 Watts. First, the wind resource data was obtained by taking daily measurements of wind speeds. Using Weibull analysis and Hellman's law, a wind speed of 9.35 m/s at 8 meters height was calculated. Then, the NACA0012, SG6043 and SD7080(9.2%) profiles were compared with the data of CL/CD ratio, maximum Cp and blade radius, selecting the SG6043 profile for having the best values: CL/CD equal to 81.11, maximum Cp equal to 0.4950 and radius of 1.11 meters. The blade was dimensioned using the BEM method without wake rotation and was designed with FreeCAD software. The other components that make up the wind turbine were dimensioned using Hugh Piggot's manual as a guide. Components were fabricated in steel (metal mechanics) and PLA+ (3D printing). It was assembled and started up, validating that at 5.5 m/s it generates an approximate power of 90 Watts. The nominal power of the wind turbine is close to 500 Watts at a speed of 10 m/s, providing an annual energy of 1533 kWh. From the economic analysis, with a useful life of 5 years and an initial investment of 7513 nuevos soles, the following indicators were calculated: PRC equal to 3.4 years, NPV equal to 858.36 nuevos soles, IRR equal to 15% and RBC equal to 1.12, concluding the positive viability of the project.
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Keywords
TECHNOLOGY::Engineering mechanics