Enteroparásitos en Lactuca sativa comercializadas en mercado de abastos y procedentes de un cultivo regado con agua residual doméstica, Trujillo-Perú
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la presencia de enteroparásitos de importancia en salud pública y veterinaria en Lactuca sativa “lechuga”, comercializadas en el mercado de abastos “La Hermelinda” y procedentes de un cultivo regado con agua residual doméstica del distrito de Víctor Larco Herrera, Trujillo-Perú, octubre 2022 y junio 2024. Se evaluaron 207 muestras del mercado de abastos “La Hermelinda” y 210 muestras procedentes de un campo de cultivo de 5433.08m2; las muestras se colectaron en bolsas herméticas y fueron trasladadas en caja térmica al laboratorio de Artropodología Parasitaria, donde fueron lavadas con agua destilada, el agua de lavado fue filtrada a través de un colador con gasa quirúrgica dejándose sedimentar durante 24 horas, luego fue centrifugada a 4000 rpm, el sedimento fue analizado microscópicamente para la identificación de formas parasitarias intestinales de humanos y animales, se utilizó la técnica directa en fresco con Lugol. Se encontró un mayor porcentaje de contaminación parasitaria (57.1%) en lechugas procedentes del mercado de abastos “La Hermelinda” siendo Blastocystis sp. el parásito más frecuente (50.8%). En las lechugas procedentes del cultivo regado con agua residual doméstica se encontró un 40.3% de positividad. En relación con la proximidad del punto de ingreso del agua de riego la parte proximal del cultivo presentó un mayor porcentaje de contaminación parasitaria (27.5%), siendo el parásito más frecuente Ancylostoma (35.7%). En conclusión, las lechugas del mercado “La Hermelinda” presentaron una mayor contaminación parasitaria.
The aim of this study was to determine the presence of enteroparasites of public health and veterinary importance in Lactuca sativa “lettuce”, marketed in the “La Hermelinda” market and from a crop irrigated with domestic wastewater from the district of Victor Larco Herrera, Trujillo-Peru, October 2022 and June 2024. A total of 207 samples were evaluated from the “La Hermelinda” market and 210 samples from a crop field of 5433. 08m2; the samples were collected in airtight bags and transferred in a thermal box to the Parasitic Arthropodology laboratory, where they were washed with distilled water, the wash water was filtered through a strainer with surgical gauze and left to sediment for 24 hours, then centrifuged at 4000 rpm, the sediment was analyzed microscopically for the identification of intestinal parasitic forms of humans and animals, using the direct fresh technique with Lugol. A higher percentage of parasitic contamination (57.1%) was found in lettuce from the “La Hermelinda” market, with Blastocystis sp. being the most frequent parasite (50.8%). In lettuce from the crop irrigated with domestic waste water, 40.3% positivity was found. In relation to the proximity of the point of entry of the irrigation water, the proximal part of the crop showed a higher percentage of parasitic contamination (27.5%), with Ancylostoma being the most frequent parasite (35.7%). In conclusion, lettuces from “La Hermelinda” market showed a higher parasitic contamination
The aim of this study was to determine the presence of enteroparasites of public health and veterinary importance in Lactuca sativa “lettuce”, marketed in the “La Hermelinda” market and from a crop irrigated with domestic wastewater from the district of Victor Larco Herrera, Trujillo-Peru, October 2022 and June 2024. A total of 207 samples were evaluated from the “La Hermelinda” market and 210 samples from a crop field of 5433. 08m2; the samples were collected in airtight bags and transferred in a thermal box to the Parasitic Arthropodology laboratory, where they were washed with distilled water, the wash water was filtered through a strainer with surgical gauze and left to sediment for 24 hours, then centrifuged at 4000 rpm, the sediment was analyzed microscopically for the identification of intestinal parasitic forms of humans and animals, using the direct fresh technique with Lugol. A higher percentage of parasitic contamination (57.1%) was found in lettuce from the “La Hermelinda” market, with Blastocystis sp. being the most frequent parasite (50.8%). In lettuce from the crop irrigated with domestic waste water, 40.3% positivity was found. In relation to the proximity of the point of entry of the irrigation water, the proximal part of the crop showed a higher percentage of parasitic contamination (27.5%), with Ancylostoma being the most frequent parasite (35.7%). In conclusion, lettuces from “La Hermelinda” market showed a higher parasitic contamination
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Keywords
Parásitos intestinales, salud pública, salud veterinaria, Lactuca sativa, agua residual doméstica