Implementación del voto voluntario y la participación electoral en el Perú – 2021
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Date
2022
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
En este trabajo de investigación se pretende determinar el nivel de incidencia que tiene la implementación del voto voluntario en la participación electoral en el Perú – 2021. Se utilizó una visión constructivista del problema, un enfoque cualitativo, de tipo o diseño no experimental y se hace uso del método dialógico-sistemático, con un diseño orrelacional causal. Como técnicas de investigación se recurrió a la observación, al acopio ocumental y la entrevista; en esta última recurriendo a una guía semiestructurada con interrogaciones abiertas basadas en los objetivos de la investigación, realizada a 15 especialistas con conocimientos en el sufragio electoral nacional, participación ciudadana y transparencia pública. En primer lugar, se partió de una descripción de las variables de estudio en su marco conceptual y teórico, así como las características que presentaba cada dimensión para su evaluación en base a los indicadores respectivos. En segundo lugar, se recogió información del contexto en el que se encuadra al voto voluntario y al desarrollo de la participación electoral en los países de América Latina (Chile, Colombia, Nicaragua y Perú), así como las respuestas a las interrogantes en base a los objetivos planteados vertidas por los informantes en el estudio. En tercer lugar, se realizó un análisis comparado objetivando la incidencia significativa de las variables. Los resultados arrojaron que la implementación del voto voluntario, se coliga de manera determinante con la participación electoral en el Perú – 2021, a través de sus dimensiones: libertad de expresión, democracia, cultura electoral y representación política, posibilitando el progreso de los principios fundamentales en una democracia representativa, siendo visto como un derecho con ejercicio libre e independiente. En conclusión, la implementación del voto voluntario incide significativamente en la participación electoral en el Perú – 2021.
ABSTRACT This research work aims to determine the level of incidence of voluntary voting in electoral participation in Peru – 2021. A constructivist view of the problem was used, a qualitative approach, of type or non-experimental design and the systematic dialogic method is used with a causal correlational design. As research techniques, observation, documentary collection and interviews were used, in the latter using a semi-structured guide with open interrogations based on the objectives of the research, made to 15 specialists with knowledge in national electoral suffrage, citizen participation and public transparency. First, it was based on a description of the study variables in their conceptual and theoretical framework, as well as the characteristics that each dimension presented for its evaluation based on the respective indicators. Secondly, information was collected on the context in which voluntary voting and the development of electoral participation are framed in the countries of Latin America (Chile, Colombia, Nicaragua and Peru), as well as the answers to the questions based on the objectives set, expressed by the informants in the research. Third, a comparative analysis was performed, objectifying the significant incidence of the variables. The results showed that voluntary voting is decisively linked to electoral participation in Peru – 2021, through its dimensions: freedom of expression, democracy, electoral culture and political representation, enabling the progress of principles fundamental in a representative democracy, being seen as a right with free and independent exercise. In conclusion, voluntary voting significantly affects electoral participation in Peru – 2021.
ABSTRACT This research work aims to determine the level of incidence of voluntary voting in electoral participation in Peru – 2021. A constructivist view of the problem was used, a qualitative approach, of type or non-experimental design and the systematic dialogic method is used with a causal correlational design. As research techniques, observation, documentary collection and interviews were used, in the latter using a semi-structured guide with open interrogations based on the objectives of the research, made to 15 specialists with knowledge in national electoral suffrage, citizen participation and public transparency. First, it was based on a description of the study variables in their conceptual and theoretical framework, as well as the characteristics that each dimension presented for its evaluation based on the respective indicators. Secondly, information was collected on the context in which voluntary voting and the development of electoral participation are framed in the countries of Latin America (Chile, Colombia, Nicaragua and Peru), as well as the answers to the questions based on the objectives set, expressed by the informants in the research. Third, a comparative analysis was performed, objectifying the significant incidence of the variables. The results showed that voluntary voting is decisively linked to electoral participation in Peru – 2021, through its dimensions: freedom of expression, democracy, electoral culture and political representation, enabling the progress of principles fundamental in a representative democracy, being seen as a right with free and independent exercise. In conclusion, voluntary voting significantly affects electoral participation in Peru – 2021.
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Keywords
Voto voluntario, Participación electoral, Libertad de expresión, Democracia, Cultura electoral