Descripción del cultivo del arroz (Oryza sativa L.) en el Sector Mancochito, Chepén - La Libertad
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó en campos de agricultores que cultivan arroz, en el sector de Mancochito, provincia de Chepén, región La Libertad; ubicado a una altura de 132 m.s.n.m, con coordenadas UTM 673377.1570174 Este y 9200833.6777087 Norte, teniendo como objetivo describir al cultivo de arroz en dicho sector. Los criterios evaluados fueron: área de cultivo, rotación de cultivo, tiempo de siembra de cultivo, tipo de agricultura, uso de agroquímicos, tipo de control de plagas, presencia de salinidad, terreno agrícola perdido, orientación técnica, tipo de riego, volumen de agua para riego, sistemas de drenaje, entre otros. Dichos datos fueron obtenidos mediante la aplicación de encuestas a 15 agricultores, cuya área total de siembra al momento de aplicar el estudio fueron de 45 Has. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que, durante los últimos 5 años, cada agricultor su producción se ha reducido en 1000 Kg/Ha (200 Kg/Ha/año), como resultado de las pérdidas de 1.5 Has de terreno. Se concluye que, la pérdida total de terreno de los 15 productores asciende a 15 Has, a consecuencia de la ubicación en la parte baja de territorio irrigado por el rio Jequetepeque, el cultivo perenne de arroz, sin prácticas de rotación de cultivo, uso frecuente de agroquímicos, un mal sistema de riego por gravedad, utilizando grandes volúmenes de agua sin instalaciones de sistemas de drenajes adecuados, y la poca o nula orientación técnica por las autoridades locales y regionales, para tomar concientización e implementar medidas que ayuden a contrarrestar estos problemas de salinización.
ABSTRACT This research was conducted in farmers' fields that grow rice in the sector of Mancochito, province of Chepén, La Libertad region; located at an altitude of 132 m.a.s.l., with UTM coordinates 673377.1570174 East and 9200833.6777087 North, with the objective of describing rice cultivation in this sector. The criteria evaluated were: crop area, crop rotation, crop planting time, type of agriculture, use of agrochemicals, type of pest control, presence of salinity, lost agricultural land, technical orientation, type of irrigation, volume of irrigation water, drainage systems, among others. These data were obtained through the application of surveys to 15 farmers, whose total planting area at the time of the study was 45 hectares. The results obtained showed that, during the last 5 years, each farmer's production has been reduced by 1000 Kg/Ha (200 Kg/Ha/year), as a result of the loss of 1.5 Has of land. It is concluded that, the total loss of land of the 15 producers amounts to 15 Has, as a result of the location in the lower part of the territory irrigated by the Jequetepeque River, the perennial rice cultivation, without crop rotation practices, frequent use of agrochemicals, a bad gravity irrigation system, using large volumes of water without adequate drainage systems facilities, and little or no technical guidance by local and regional authorities, to raise awareness and implement measures to help counteract these salinization problems.
ABSTRACT This research was conducted in farmers' fields that grow rice in the sector of Mancochito, province of Chepén, La Libertad region; located at an altitude of 132 m.a.s.l., with UTM coordinates 673377.1570174 East and 9200833.6777087 North, with the objective of describing rice cultivation in this sector. The criteria evaluated were: crop area, crop rotation, crop planting time, type of agriculture, use of agrochemicals, type of pest control, presence of salinity, lost agricultural land, technical orientation, type of irrigation, volume of irrigation water, drainage systems, among others. These data were obtained through the application of surveys to 15 farmers, whose total planting area at the time of the study was 45 hectares. The results obtained showed that, during the last 5 years, each farmer's production has been reduced by 1000 Kg/Ha (200 Kg/Ha/year), as a result of the loss of 1.5 Has of land. It is concluded that, the total loss of land of the 15 producers amounts to 15 Has, as a result of the location in the lower part of the territory irrigated by the Jequetepeque River, the perennial rice cultivation, without crop rotation practices, frequent use of agrochemicals, a bad gravity irrigation system, using large volumes of water without adequate drainage systems facilities, and little or no technical guidance by local and regional authorities, to raise awareness and implement measures to help counteract these salinization problems.
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Keywords
Salinidad, Suelo, Drenaje, Arroz, Plagas, Rotación de cultivos