Bases para la implementación de buenas prácticas ergonómicas para reducir el ausentismo laboral en taller de mantenimiento automotriz
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Este trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad aportar las bases para la
implementación de buenas prácticas ergonómicas en un taller automotriz, ya que actualmente
presenta problemas en las posturas de los empleados lo que les ocasiona dolores de espalda
(lumbago) provocando descansos médicos y ausentismo.
Se realizó el estudio al personal que realizaba la actividad en ese momento con el
puesto de técnico mecánico, en el taller mecánico se realizó trabajo de observación,
cuestionarios y toma de fotografías para posteriormente realizar un análisis descriptivo y
numerativo mediante de la metodología REBA.
Para lograr esta investigación se realizaron trabajos de campo para observar las
posturas tomadas por los colaboradores del taller muestra, a fin de tomar nota para identificar
los riesgos disergonómicos en los procesos de levantamiento de carga, posturas, etc.
Para el trabajo de escritorio se solicitó los indicadores y descansos médicos del año
2023 con sus motivos, llevándonos a la hipótesis que se estaban realizando de forma
disergonómica las actividades siendo el 80% de descansos médicos por problemas de
lumbago.
Al realizar la investigación detectó que hay presencia un riesgo disergonómico
elevado en las diferentes labores que ejecutan los colaboradores por lo que se necesita tomar
controles inmediatos.
Concluyendo así que es necesario la aplicación de controles relacionados a la
ergonomía para evitar enfermedades musculoesqueléticas y el incremento de descansos
médicos por estos mismos, generando disminución en la productividad del taller mecánico.
This research project aims to develop a plan for good ergonomic practices in an automotive workshop, as it currently faces issues with employees' postures, leading to back pain (lumbago) and resulting in medical leaves. The study focused on personnel engaged in activities at the time, specifically those with the role of mechanical technicians. The research involved observations, questionnaires, and photography in the workshop to conduct a subsequent descriptive and numerical analysis using the REBA methodology. Fieldwork was conducted to observe the postures adopted by workshop staff, with the aim of identifying ergonomic risks in activities such as lifting loads and maintaining certain postures. For desk work, indicators and medical leaves from the year 2023 were requested, leading to the hypothesis that activities were being performed in a disergonomic manner, with 80% of medical leaves attributed to lumbago issues. The investigation revealed a high level of ergonomic risk in various tasks performed by employees, indicating an immediate need for controls. In conclusion, it is essential to implement ergonomic measures to prevent musculoskeletal disorders and the subsequent increase in medical leaves, ultimately leading to a decrease in the productivity of the automotive workshop.
This research project aims to develop a plan for good ergonomic practices in an automotive workshop, as it currently faces issues with employees' postures, leading to back pain (lumbago) and resulting in medical leaves. The study focused on personnel engaged in activities at the time, specifically those with the role of mechanical technicians. The research involved observations, questionnaires, and photography in the workshop to conduct a subsequent descriptive and numerical analysis using the REBA methodology. Fieldwork was conducted to observe the postures adopted by workshop staff, with the aim of identifying ergonomic risks in activities such as lifting loads and maintaining certain postures. For desk work, indicators and medical leaves from the year 2023 were requested, leading to the hypothesis that activities were being performed in a disergonomic manner, with 80% of medical leaves attributed to lumbago issues. The investigation revealed a high level of ergonomic risk in various tasks performed by employees, indicating an immediate need for controls. In conclusion, it is essential to implement ergonomic measures to prevent musculoskeletal disorders and the subsequent increase in medical leaves, ultimately leading to a decrease in the productivity of the automotive workshop.
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