Actividad repelente del aceite esencial de hojas de Schinus molle frente a poblaciones naturales de Aedes aegypti procedente de la Región La Libertad – Perú
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Date
2023
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Los repelentes derivados de aceites esenciales extraídos de plantas han demostrado ser eficaces contra una variedad de insectos. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la actividad repelente del aceite esencial de hojas de Schinus molle L. frente al mosquito adulto de Aedes aegypti a través de dos indicadores: el porcentaje y tiempo de protección. Se trabajó con 4 concentraciones (0.025; 0.250; 0.450 y 0.550 μl/mL) y un control negativo de etanol al 70% para cada concentración. Cada grupo experimental se constituyó por 50 mosquitos adultos hembra de Ae. aegypti F1, el porcentaje y tiempo de protección se evaluaron usando un cebo animal (Oryctolagus cuniculus) con aplicaciones de 150 μl del aceite, por cada concentración, en las orejas rapadas del conejo tratado y 150 μl de etanol al 70% para el conejo control. Los conejos se colocaron en dos jaulas conectadas por un tubo de acrílico transparente con un cubo central donde se liberaron los mosquitos. Las concentraciones 0.450 y 0.550 μl/mL demostraron mayor porcentaje y tiempo de protección (66,6%;165 min y 79.1%;201 min); con diferencias significativas entre concentraciones y tiempos (p<0.05). Se concluye que el aceite esencial de las hojas de S. molle L. podría considerarse un potencial repelente natural para Ae. aegypti.
The dengue virus results in deaths in different areas around the globe, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. This scenario has escalated the quest for novel agents that are safer and less detrimental than chemical substances to combat its vector. The present study evaluated the percentage and time of protection of Schinus molle L. leaf essential oil against the adult Aedes aegypti mosquito. Four concentrations (0.025; 0.250; 0.450 and 0.550 μL/mL) along with a negative control of 70% ethanol were utilized. Each experimental group was comprised of fifty (50) adult female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes reared in the laboratory. The percentage and time of protection were assessed by using animal bait (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with applications of 150 μl of the oil, for each concentration, on the shaved ears of the treated rabbit and 150 μl of 70% ethanol for the control rabbit. The rabbits were positioned in two cages linked by a transparent acrylic tube with a central cube for the release of mosquitoes. Concentrations of 0.450 and 0.550 μl/mL provided greater percentage and time of protection (66.6%, 165 min and 79.1%, 201 min respectively) with statistically significant differences observed in both concentration and time (p<0.05). It is concluded that the essential oil from the leaves of S. molle L. could be considered a potential natural repellent for Ae. aegypti.
The dengue virus results in deaths in different areas around the globe, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. This scenario has escalated the quest for novel agents that are safer and less detrimental than chemical substances to combat its vector. The present study evaluated the percentage and time of protection of Schinus molle L. leaf essential oil against the adult Aedes aegypti mosquito. Four concentrations (0.025; 0.250; 0.450 and 0.550 μL/mL) along with a negative control of 70% ethanol were utilized. Each experimental group was comprised of fifty (50) adult female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes reared in the laboratory. The percentage and time of protection were assessed by using animal bait (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with applications of 150 μl of the oil, for each concentration, on the shaved ears of the treated rabbit and 150 μl of 70% ethanol for the control rabbit. The rabbits were positioned in two cages linked by a transparent acrylic tube with a central cube for the release of mosquitoes. Concentrations of 0.450 and 0.550 μl/mL provided greater percentage and time of protection (66.6%, 165 min and 79.1%, 201 min respectively) with statistically significant differences observed in both concentration and time (p<0.05). It is concluded that the essential oil from the leaves of S. molle L. could be considered a potential natural repellent for Ae. aegypti.
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Keywords
Aedes aegypti, Schinus molle, actividad repelente, porcentaje de protección, tiempo de protección