Asociación entre obesidad y fibromialgia en pacientes atendidos en consulta externa de reumatología del Hospital Regional Docente de Trujillo, 2022-2023
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Date
2025-01-10
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La fibromialgia es una enfermedad caracterizada por un dolor crónico musculoesquelético asociada a una polisintomatología compleja. La obesidad cumple un papel en la instauración y la perpetuación de la sintomatología de la fibromialgia por diferentes mecanismos, como estrés mecánico, alteración nociceptiva entre otras que podrían afectar la sensibilidad al dolor en pacientes obesos con fibromialgia.
Objetivo: Demostrar si existe asociación entre obesidad y fibromialgia en pacientes adultos atendidos en consultorio externa de Reumatología del Hospital Regional Docente de Trujillo, 2022-2023.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo de corte transversal donde se analizaron 282 historias clínicas, considerando como variable dependiente a la fibromialgia según la ACR de 1990, e independiente a la obesidad definido como un IMC ≥ 30. Otras covariables fueron: edad, sexo y área de residencia.
Resultados: El 92.2% de los pacientes correspondieron al sexo femenino; el 58.5% tuvo edades entre los 54 y 70 años y el 92.2% residen en la provincia de Trujillo. La prevalencia de fibromialgia y obesidad fue de 72.7% y 34,4%, respectivamente. El 34.4% de la muestra presentó obesidad, y de este grupo, el 87.6% presentaron fibromialgia. Se encontró un valor de significancia de la prueba de independencia chi cuadrado menor que 0.05 (p<0,001).
Conclusiones: Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la obesidad y fibromialgia.
Palabras Clave: fibromialgia, obesidad, Dolor Crónico, Índice de Masa Corporal, Estudio Observacional
Abstract Fibromyalgia is a disease characterized by chronic musculoskeletal pain associated with complex multiple symptoms. Obesity plays a role in the establishment and perpetuation of fibromyalgia symptoms through different mechanisms, such as mechanical stress, nociceptive alteration, among others that could affect pain sensitivity in obese patients with fibromyalgia. Objective: To demonstrate whether there is an association between obesity and fibromyalgia in adult patients in the Rheumatology outpatient clinic of the Trujillo Regional Teaching Hospital, 2022-2023. Materials and methods: A retrospective, analytical, cross-sectional observational study was carried out in which 282 clinical records were analyzed, considering fibromyalgia as the dependent variable according to the ACR of 1990, and obesity as an independent variable, defined by a BMI ≥ 30. Other covariates were: age, sex, and area of residence. Results: 92.2% of the patients were female; 58.5% were between 54 and 70 years old and 92.2% reside in the province of Trujillo. The prevalence of fibromyalgia and obesity was 72.7% and 34.4%, respectively. 34.4% of the sample presented obesity, and of this group, 87.6% presented fibromyalgia. A significance value of the chi square independence test was found to be less than 0.05 (p<0.001). Conclusions: A statistically significant association was found between obesity and fibromyalgia in this group of patients.
Abstract Fibromyalgia is a disease characterized by chronic musculoskeletal pain associated with complex multiple symptoms. Obesity plays a role in the establishment and perpetuation of fibromyalgia symptoms through different mechanisms, such as mechanical stress, nociceptive alteration, among others that could affect pain sensitivity in obese patients with fibromyalgia. Objective: To demonstrate whether there is an association between obesity and fibromyalgia in adult patients in the Rheumatology outpatient clinic of the Trujillo Regional Teaching Hospital, 2022-2023. Materials and methods: A retrospective, analytical, cross-sectional observational study was carried out in which 282 clinical records were analyzed, considering fibromyalgia as the dependent variable according to the ACR of 1990, and obesity as an independent variable, defined by a BMI ≥ 30. Other covariates were: age, sex, and area of residence. Results: 92.2% of the patients were female; 58.5% were between 54 and 70 years old and 92.2% reside in the province of Trujillo. The prevalence of fibromyalgia and obesity was 72.7% and 34.4%, respectively. 34.4% of the sample presented obesity, and of this group, 87.6% presented fibromyalgia. A significance value of the chi square independence test was found to be less than 0.05 (p<0.001). Conclusions: A statistically significant association was found between obesity and fibromyalgia in this group of patients.
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Keywords
Fibromialgia, Obesidad, Dolor Crónico, Índice de Masa Corporal, Estudio Observacional