Análisis de los vicios de la voluntad en el proceso laboral: Validez del acogimiento al Régimen laboral agrario.
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Date
2020
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La presente investigación ha analizado si para invocar la invalidez del acogimiento al régimen laboral agrario previsto en la Ley N° 27360 debe precisarse, en la demanda laboral, el vicio de la voluntad que lo invalida; en ese sentido el problema materia de la presente investigación se encuentra en la etapa postulatoria, en ese sentido, se ha realizado un análisis conjunto de demandas y sentencias laborales para que a través de un estudio de causa (demanda) – consecuencia (sentencia), llegar a determinar si en la demanda laboral debe precisarse del vicio de la voluntad invocado o por el contrario la falta de precisión del mismo no afecta de ninguna manera el adecuado desarrollo del proceso. Como punto de inicio se han analizado los diferentes supuestos de acogimiento que se desarrollan en la Ley N° 27360, identificándose los requisitos para que se produzca el acogimiento a dicho régimen por parte de trabajadores que se encontraban laborando bajo el régimen laboral común a la entrada en vigencia de la ley. Posteriormente se han delimitado las definiciones, características y presupuestos de cada vicio de la voluntad previsto en el Código Civil, para posteriormente determinar su aplicación frente a conflictos en los que se discute la invalidez de acuerdos laborales, analizándose y determinándose las limitaciones que existen para la aplicación de las normas civiles sobre vicios de la voluntad en los procesos laborales. Como siguiente punto se han estudiado los diferentes criterios adoptados por los diferentes órganos jurisdiccionales para resolver procesos laborales en los que se alega la existencia de vicios de la voluntad como causal de invalidez de acuerdos laborales, a fin de identificar si la precisión del vicio en la demanda influye en el adecuado desarrollo del proceso, diferenciando los criterios empleados al analizar la invalidez del convenio de acogimiento al régimen agrario y el empleado al analizar la invalidez de otros acuerdos laborales. Finalmente se ha analizado la forma en la que se han desarrollado los casos en los ue se no se precisó el vicio de la voluntad que causaba la invalidez del acogimiento al régimen agrario alegado, para identificar si el no precisar el vicio de la voluntad afecta el adecuado desarrollo del proceso. En ese sentido, durante la investigación se ha invocado y aplicado la doctrina y legislación nacional, así como la jurisprudencia emitida por los distintos órganos jurisdiccionales respecto a la invalidez de acuerdos laborales por existencia de vicios de la voluntad y en específico de invalidez del acogimiento al régimen agrario por la misma causa, lo cual nos ha permitido concluir que en la realidad si debe precisarse, en la demanda laboral, el vicio de la voluntad que se alega como causal de invalidez del acogimiento al régimen agrario, pues no hacerlo origina que se afecte al proceso de congruencia procesal, originando que los Juzgados y Salas laborales busquen subsanar deficiencias en el planteamiento de la demanda incurriendo en sentencias que adolecen de defectos evidentes de motivación que, como se ha señalado, vulnera el principio de congruencia procesal, así como generando dilaciones innecesarias en el proceso.
ABSTRACT This research analyzes if in cases where a worker questions the validity of the agreement in which they accept the change of labor regime to the agrarian one provided in Law N° 27360 for adducing the existence of a vice of the will, the vice must be specified. As a starting point, we have determined the different cases of change of regimen that are developed in Law No. 27360, identifying the requirements for change to occur in cases of workers who were working under the common labor regime when the Law N° 27360 was created. Subsequently, the definitions, characteristics and assumptions of each vice of the will provided for in the Civil Code have been delimited, to subsequently determine its application in conflicts in which the invalidity of labor agreements is discussed, analyzing and determining the limits that exist for the application of civil regulations on vices of the will in labor cases. As a next point, the different criteria adopted by the different jurisdictional instances have been studied to resolve labor processes in which the existence of vices of the will is alleged as a cause of invalidity of labor agreements, differentiating the criteria used when analyzing the invalidity of the agreement of change to agrarian regime and the one used when analyzing the invalidity of other labor agreements. Finally, the way in which the cases in which the defect of the will was not specified that caused the invalidity of the alleged agrarian regime has been analyzed, to identify if not specifying the vice of the will affects the correct development of the process. National doctrine and legislation have been studied, as well as the jurisprudence issued by the different jurisdictional instances regarding the invalidity of labor agreements due to the existence of vices of the will and specifically of invalidity of the acceptance of the agrarian regime for the same cause, in turn conducting interviews with judges and lawyers. Every point that has been studied has allowed us to conclude that in reality if the vice of the will that is alleged to be the cause of invalidity of the reception to the agrarian regime must be specified, since not doing so contravenes due process and congruence principle, because judges seek to correct deficiencies in the claim, incurring in sentences that suffer from obvious defects of motivation as well as generating unnecessary delays in the process.
ABSTRACT This research analyzes if in cases where a worker questions the validity of the agreement in which they accept the change of labor regime to the agrarian one provided in Law N° 27360 for adducing the existence of a vice of the will, the vice must be specified. As a starting point, we have determined the different cases of change of regimen that are developed in Law No. 27360, identifying the requirements for change to occur in cases of workers who were working under the common labor regime when the Law N° 27360 was created. Subsequently, the definitions, characteristics and assumptions of each vice of the will provided for in the Civil Code have been delimited, to subsequently determine its application in conflicts in which the invalidity of labor agreements is discussed, analyzing and determining the limits that exist for the application of civil regulations on vices of the will in labor cases. As a next point, the different criteria adopted by the different jurisdictional instances have been studied to resolve labor processes in which the existence of vices of the will is alleged as a cause of invalidity of labor agreements, differentiating the criteria used when analyzing the invalidity of the agreement of change to agrarian regime and the one used when analyzing the invalidity of other labor agreements. Finally, the way in which the cases in which the defect of the will was not specified that caused the invalidity of the alleged agrarian regime has been analyzed, to identify if not specifying the vice of the will affects the correct development of the process. National doctrine and legislation have been studied, as well as the jurisprudence issued by the different jurisdictional instances regarding the invalidity of labor agreements due to the existence of vices of the will and specifically of invalidity of the acceptance of the agrarian regime for the same cause, in turn conducting interviews with judges and lawyers. Every point that has been studied has allowed us to conclude that in reality if the vice of the will that is alleged to be the cause of invalidity of the reception to the agrarian regime must be specified, since not doing so contravenes due process and congruence principle, because judges seek to correct deficiencies in the claim, incurring in sentences that suffer from obvious defects of motivation as well as generating unnecessary delays in the process.
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Keywords
Invalidez, Acuerdos laborales, Régimen laboral, Acogimiento, Debido proceso