Manejo de plagas y enfermedades de Persea americana variedad Hass en Rio Seco – Virú, La Libertad
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Date
2018
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir el manejo de las principales plagas y enfermedades que afectan el cultivo de Palto variedad Hass y el manejo específico en cada una de ellas. El estudio se realizó, en el sector de Río Seco – Virú, La Libertad. Para ello, se analizaron las evaluaciones semanales realizadas durante la campaña de julio 2016 a junio 2017 de un campo de producción de tres años de edad y se describió la presencia así como los grados de infestación de las principales plagas que afectan el cultivo acorde con la fenología. Las principales plagas y enfermedades que afectan el cultivo de palto variedad Hass en la zona son Olygunichus punicae, Oiketicus kirbyi, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis, Dagbertus minensis, Queresas (Fiorinia fioriniae, Pinnaspis aspidistrae y Protopulvinaria pyriformis), Lasiodiplodia theobromae y el Viroide de la Mancha Solar (ASBVD). Para el manejo se emplea medidas tipo cultural, biológico y químico, respetando las diferentes fases fenológicas del cultivo a fin de no tener residuos en la cosecha.Una práctica cultural frecuente que se realiza son las podas, especialmente después de la cosecha que permiten una apertura de la copa del árbol para reducir la sombra y microclimas que favorecen el establecimiento de las plagas, al igual que favorecen la calidad de las aplicaciones de agroquímicos.
ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to describe the management of the main pests and diseases that affect the Hass avocado cultivation and the specific management in each one of them. The study was carried out in the Río Seco - Virú, La Libertad. For this, the weekly evaluations carried out during the July 2016 to June 2017 campaign of a three-year-old production field were analyzed and the presence as well as the infestation degrees of the main pests that affect the crop according to the phenology. The main pests and diseases that affect the cultivation of Hass variety avocado in the area are Olygunichus punicae, Oiketicus kirbyi, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis, Dagbertus minensis, Queresas (Fiorinia fioriniae, Pinnaspis aspidistrae and Protopulvinaria pyriformis), Lasiodiplodia theobromae and the Avocado Sunblotch Viroid (ASBVD). For handling, cultural, biological and chemical measures are used, respecting the different phenological phases of the crop in order to avoid residues in the harvest. A frequent cultural practice is pruning, especially after harvest that allows an opening of the tree crown to reduce shade and microclimates that favor the establishment of pests, as well as favoring the quality of agrochemical applications.
ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to describe the management of the main pests and diseases that affect the Hass avocado cultivation and the specific management in each one of them. The study was carried out in the Río Seco - Virú, La Libertad. For this, the weekly evaluations carried out during the July 2016 to June 2017 campaign of a three-year-old production field were analyzed and the presence as well as the infestation degrees of the main pests that affect the crop according to the phenology. The main pests and diseases that affect the cultivation of Hass variety avocado in the area are Olygunichus punicae, Oiketicus kirbyi, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis, Dagbertus minensis, Queresas (Fiorinia fioriniae, Pinnaspis aspidistrae and Protopulvinaria pyriformis), Lasiodiplodia theobromae and the Avocado Sunblotch Viroid (ASBVD). For handling, cultural, biological and chemical measures are used, respecting the different phenological phases of the crop in order to avoid residues in the harvest. A frequent cultural practice is pruning, especially after harvest that allows an opening of the tree crown to reduce shade and microclimates that favor the establishment of pests, as well as favoring the quality of agrochemical applications.
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Keywords
Plagas, Enfermedades, Fenología, Infestación, Agroquímicos