Características arquitectónicas e históricas del cementerio Presbítero Matías Maestro para el desarrollo del necroturismo en la región Lima
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Date
2020
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El presente informe de tesis denominado, Características arquitectónicas e históricas del cementerio Presbítero Matías Maestro para el desarrollo del necroturismo en la región Lima, aborda el necroturismo o también llamado turismo de cementerios, una nueva modalidad del turismo cultural, que consiste en conocer los cementerios de pueblos y ciudades que tienen historia, personajes ilustres, leyendas y curiosidades; elementos que despiertan el interés en los turistas. En el presente estudio se hace un análisis de las características arquitectónicas e históricas a través del tiempo del Cementerio Presbítero Maestro, en la región Lima, trabajando mediante los métodos analítico-sintético, etnográfico; basándose en técnicas de observación, revisión de archivos y la aplicación de instrumentos adecuados que permitieron el recojo de la información requerida. Obteniendo como conclusiones que el Cementerio Presbítero Matías Maestro cuenta con las condiciones idóneas para el desarrollo del necroturismo por tener características históricas debido a que es el primer cementerio de Latinoamérica en erguirse, gracias a las ideas de salud pública e higiene expuestas por Hipólito Unanue, dando inicio a los cambios en cuanto a patrones de entierros y pompas fúnebres, hasta convertirse en un testimonio viviente del pasado, ya que guarda los restos de hombres y mujeres que escribieron gran parte de la historia del Perú, como por ejemplos presidentes, políticos, artistas, profesionales y militares; además de ello, posee características arquitectónicas, a razón de ser la primera construcción civil de estilo neoclásico, y en albergar 220.000 lápidas artísticas las cuales contienen una riqueza iconográfica con motivos que van desde lo religioso, atributos, retratos elaborados en mármol y hasta las primeras fotografías post mortem con daguerrotipo; 766 mausoleos de las familias de clase alta y 92 monumentos históricos de la más exquisita arquitectura traídas del viejo continente, evidenciando la evolución de estilos artísticos de los siglos XIX y XX. De esta manera, los resultados obtenidos en cuanto el grado de interés de la demanda turística para el desarrollo del necroturismo en el Cementerio Presbítero Matías Maestro, es de un 78% alto y un 13% muy alto respectivamente
ABSTRACT This thesis report called, Architectural and historical characteristics of the Presbyter Matías Maestro Cemetery for the development of necrotourism in the Lima region, addresses necrotourism or also called cemetery tourism, a new modality of cultural tourism, which consists of knowing the cemeteries of towns and cities that have history, famous people, legends and curiosities; elements that arouse the interest of tourists. In the present study an analysis of the architectural and historical characteristics through time of the Presbítero Maestro Cemetery, in the Lima region, is made, working through analytical-synthetic, ethnographic methods; based on observation techniques, file review and the application of adequate instruments that allowed the collection of the required information. Obtaining as conclusions that the Presbyter Matías Maestro Cemetery has the ideal conditions for the development of necrotourism due to its historical characteristics because it is the first cemetery in Latin America to be erected, thanks to the ideas of public health and hygiene exposed by Hipólito Unanue, giving beginning of changes in terms of burial patterns and funeral parlors, until becoming a living testimony of the past, since it keeps the remains of men and women who wrote a large part of the history of Peru, such as presidents, politicians, artists , professionals and military, In addition to this, it has architectural characteristics, due to being the first civil construction of neoclassical style, and in housing 220,000 artistic tombstones which contain an iconographic wealth with motifs that range from religious, attributes, portraits made in marble and even the first post mortem photographs with daguerreotype; 766 mausoleums of upper-class families and 92 historical monuments of the most exquisite architecture brought from the old continent, evidencing the evolution of artistic styles of the 19th and 20th centuries. In this way, the results obtained regarding the degree of interest of the tourist demand for the development of necrotourism in the Presbyter Matías Maestro Cemetery, is 78% high and 13% very high respectively.
ABSTRACT This thesis report called, Architectural and historical characteristics of the Presbyter Matías Maestro Cemetery for the development of necrotourism in the Lima region, addresses necrotourism or also called cemetery tourism, a new modality of cultural tourism, which consists of knowing the cemeteries of towns and cities that have history, famous people, legends and curiosities; elements that arouse the interest of tourists. In the present study an analysis of the architectural and historical characteristics through time of the Presbítero Maestro Cemetery, in the Lima region, is made, working through analytical-synthetic, ethnographic methods; based on observation techniques, file review and the application of adequate instruments that allowed the collection of the required information. Obtaining as conclusions that the Presbyter Matías Maestro Cemetery has the ideal conditions for the development of necrotourism due to its historical characteristics because it is the first cemetery in Latin America to be erected, thanks to the ideas of public health and hygiene exposed by Hipólito Unanue, giving beginning of changes in terms of burial patterns and funeral parlors, until becoming a living testimony of the past, since it keeps the remains of men and women who wrote a large part of the history of Peru, such as presidents, politicians, artists , professionals and military, In addition to this, it has architectural characteristics, due to being the first civil construction of neoclassical style, and in housing 220,000 artistic tombstones which contain an iconographic wealth with motifs that range from religious, attributes, portraits made in marble and even the first post mortem photographs with daguerreotype; 766 mausoleums of upper-class families and 92 historical monuments of the most exquisite architecture brought from the old continent, evidencing the evolution of artistic styles of the 19th and 20th centuries. In this way, the results obtained regarding the degree of interest of the tourist demand for the development of necrotourism in the Presbyter Matías Maestro Cemetery, is 78% high and 13% very high respectively.
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Keywords
Recurso turístico , Patrimonio funerario, Arte necrológico