Diseño de riego por goteo para 6.04 hectáreas de palta (Persea americana) variedad hass en la empresa Cafpe S.A.C, Chao, Virú, La Libertad, 2022
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Date
2023
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El presente trabajo no experimental consistió en diseñar un sistema de riego por goteo para el cultivo de palta hass en un área de 6.04 hectáreas ubicada en el distrito de Chao, provincia de Viru, región La Libertad. Se tuvo en consideración la recolección de datos básicos tales como topografía, necesidades hídricas, datos meteorológicos, textura del suelo y fenología del cultivo. Entre los objetivos, se buscó determinar el diseño agronómico tomando en consideración los requerimientos de agua del cultivo para satisfacer todas sus etapas fenológicas. En cuanto al análisis de suelo, se tomaron las muestras en zonas representativas de cada unidad mínima de riego. Respecto a las muestras de agua, estas se recolectaron en cada punto principal de la infraestructura de pre filtrado y campo. El siguiente objetivo fue obtener el diseño hidráulico. En los métodos utilizados, tenemos datos básicos de partida tales como información del cultivo, suelo, agua y clima. Luego se realizó el requerimiento agronómico en el cual se obtuvo la lámina máxima requerida por día. Posteriormente se elaboró el diseño de la red. Los resultados fueron satisfactorios, se realizó un diseño acorde al caudal y la presión requerida. Las velocidades en la red de tuberías no superaron los 2 m/s ni fueron menor a 0.5 m/s. El primero fue para evitar contribuir a los golpes de ariete y el segundo para evitar sedimentaciones. Finalmente, concluimos en que las necesidades netas de riego para las 6, 04 ha de palto diseñadas es de 63, 6 m3/ha. El diseño agronómico debe ser realizado previo al dimensionamiento hidráulico para estimar las necesidades hídricas del cultivo por área. Así mismo, el costo de inversión resultó en 78 009.2 nuevos soles.
ASBTRACT The present non-experimental work consisted in designing a drip irrigation system for the cultivation of Hass avocado in an area of 6.04 hectares located in the Chao district, Viru province, La Libertad region. The collection of basic data such as topography, water needs, meteorological data, soil texture and crop phenology was taken into consideration. Among the objectives, it was sought to determine the agronomic design taking into account the water requirements of the crop to satisfy all its phenological stages. Regarding soil analysis, samples were taken in representative areas of each minimum irrigation unit. Regarding the water samples, these were collected at each main point of the pre-filtering and field infrastructure. The next objective was to obtain the hydraulic design. In the methods used, we have basic starting data such as information on the crop, soil, water and climate. Then the agronomic requirement was made in which the maximum sheet required per day was obtained. Subsequently, the network design was developed. The results were satisfactory, a design was made according to the flow and the required pressure. The velocities in the pipe network did not exceed 2 m/s nor were they less than 0.5 m/s. The first was to avoid contributing to water hammer and the second to avoid sedimentation. Finally, we conclude that the net irrigation needs for the 6.04 ha of avocado designed is 63.6 m3/ha. The agronomic design must be carried out prior to the hydraulic sizing to estimate the water needs of the crop by area. Likewise, the investment cost resulted in 78,009.2 nuevos soles.
ASBTRACT The present non-experimental work consisted in designing a drip irrigation system for the cultivation of Hass avocado in an area of 6.04 hectares located in the Chao district, Viru province, La Libertad region. The collection of basic data such as topography, water needs, meteorological data, soil texture and crop phenology was taken into consideration. Among the objectives, it was sought to determine the agronomic design taking into account the water requirements of the crop to satisfy all its phenological stages. Regarding soil analysis, samples were taken in representative areas of each minimum irrigation unit. Regarding the water samples, these were collected at each main point of the pre-filtering and field infrastructure. The next objective was to obtain the hydraulic design. In the methods used, we have basic starting data such as information on the crop, soil, water and climate. Then the agronomic requirement was made in which the maximum sheet required per day was obtained. Subsequently, the network design was developed. The results were satisfactory, a design was made according to the flow and the required pressure. The velocities in the pipe network did not exceed 2 m/s nor were they less than 0.5 m/s. The first was to avoid contributing to water hammer and the second to avoid sedimentation. Finally, we conclude that the net irrigation needs for the 6.04 ha of avocado designed is 63.6 m3/ha. The agronomic design must be carried out prior to the hydraulic sizing to estimate the water needs of the crop by area. Likewise, the investment cost resulted in 78,009.2 nuevos soles.
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Keywords
Diseño agronómico, Etapa fenológica, Diseño hidráulico, Infraestructura de pre filtrado