Perfil fitoquímico, cuantificación fenólica y actividad antioxidante in vitro del fruto de la especie Vaccinium floribundum Kunth “Pushgay”
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Date
2025
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Publisher
Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Vaccinium floribundum Kunth - "Pushgay" es un fruto oriundo del Perú que crece de
forma natural en la región de la sierra. Presenta una gran oportunidad de aprovechamiento
debido al alto contenido de metabolitos entre ellos compuestos fenólicos. Su potencial de
escalamiento comercial depende en gran medida entre otros, de su composición química y
propiedades antioxidantes. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el perfil fitoquímico,
composición fenólica y la actividad antioxidante in vitro del fruto de la especie Vaccinium
floribundum Kunth “Pushgay” proveniente de la Región Cajamarca. El tamizaje
fitoquímico preliminar fue evaluado en tres solventes de polaridad creciente, indicando una
alta presencia de polifenoles y flavonoides en el fruto cuando se utilizó como solvente agua.
Así mismo el ensayo ácido-base indicó una alta presencia de antocianinas en etanol y agua.
Estas pruebas dieron negativo a taninos, triterpenos/esteroides, alcaloides, grasas, lactonas,
catequinas, resinas, mucílagos y cumarinas. La evaluación del mejor solvente que permite
una mayor recuperación de compuestos fenólicos fue las mezclas acetona: agua (7:3) y
acetona;etanol;agua (4:4:2). Con respecto al contenido de fenoles totales y flavonoides fue
de 37,56 ± 1,29 mg eq. ácido gálico/g de muestra seca y 5,25 ± 0,206 mg eq. quercetina/g
fruto seco respectivamente. El contenido de antocianinas promedio fue de 22,99 ± 0,62 mg
eq. cianidina 3 glucósido /g fruto seco. La capacidad antioxidante fue evaluada mediante el
método DPPH y FRAPP indicando una alta actividad promedio de 142,37 ± 1,06 μmoles eq.
de trolox/g muestra seca y 198,17 ± 7,28 μmol eq de trolox/muestra seca respectivamente.
Vaccinium floribundum Kunth - "Pushgay" is a native fruit from Peru, that grows naturally in the Andes region. Have a great opportunity for use due to the high content of metabolites, including phenolic compounds. Its potential for commercial scale up depends to a large extent, among others, on its chemical composition and antioxidant properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the phytochemical profile, phenolic composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of the fruit of the species Vaccinium floribundum Kunth "Pushgay" from the Cajamarca-Perú. The preliminary phytochemical screening was evaluated in three solvents of increasing polarity, indicating a high presence of polyphenols and flavonoids in the fruit when water was used as solvent. Likewise, the acid-base test indicated a high presence of anthocyanins in ethanol and water. These tests were negative for tannins, triterpenes/steroids, alkaloids, fats, lactones, catechins, resins, mucilages, and coumarins. The best mixtures of solvents that allowed a greater phenolic compounds recovery were, acetone:water (7:3) and acetone:ethanol:water (4:4:2) mixtures. The total phenols and flavonoids content were 37.56 ± 1.29 mg eq. gallic acid/g of dry sample and 5.25 ± 0.206 mg eq. quercetin/g dry fruit respectively. The average anthocyanin content was 22.99 ± 0.62 mg eq. cyanidin 3 glucoside /g dried fruit. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the DPPH and FRAPP methods, indicating a high average activity of 142.37 ± 1.06 μmoles eq. of trolox/g dry sample and 198.17 ± 7.28 μmol eq of trolox/dry sample respectively.
Vaccinium floribundum Kunth - "Pushgay" is a native fruit from Peru, that grows naturally in the Andes region. Have a great opportunity for use due to the high content of metabolites, including phenolic compounds. Its potential for commercial scale up depends to a large extent, among others, on its chemical composition and antioxidant properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the phytochemical profile, phenolic composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of the fruit of the species Vaccinium floribundum Kunth "Pushgay" from the Cajamarca-Perú. The preliminary phytochemical screening was evaluated in three solvents of increasing polarity, indicating a high presence of polyphenols and flavonoids in the fruit when water was used as solvent. Likewise, the acid-base test indicated a high presence of anthocyanins in ethanol and water. These tests were negative for tannins, triterpenes/steroids, alkaloids, fats, lactones, catechins, resins, mucilages, and coumarins. The best mixtures of solvents that allowed a greater phenolic compounds recovery were, acetone:water (7:3) and acetone:ethanol:water (4:4:2) mixtures. The total phenols and flavonoids content were 37.56 ± 1.29 mg eq. gallic acid/g of dry sample and 5.25 ± 0.206 mg eq. quercetin/g dry fruit respectively. The average anthocyanin content was 22.99 ± 0.62 mg eq. cyanidin 3 glucoside /g dried fruit. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the DPPH and FRAPP methods, indicating a high average activity of 142.37 ± 1.06 μmoles eq. of trolox/g dry sample and 198.17 ± 7.28 μmol eq of trolox/dry sample respectively.
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Keywords
Perfil fitoquímico, Actividad antioxidante