Extracción y caracterización de quitina a partir de escamas de pescado procedente del Mercado Mayorista Pesquero COMPHILL S.A. Buenos Aires, Trujillo – Perú
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2023
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Abstract
La industria pesquera a nivel mundial genera una serie de residuos a lo largo de toda la cadena producción que llegan ase unos agentes contaminantes de diversos cuerpos de aguas y suelo, esta realidad alcanza al Mercado Mayorista Pesquero COMPHILL S.A. de Buenos Aires de la provincia de Trujillo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue extraer y caracterizar quitina a partir de escamas de pescado. Se buscó determinar un protocolo adecuado para la extracción de dicho biopolímero mediante un procedimiento químico de dos etapas desmineralización y desproteinización. En la etapa de desmineralización se empleó tres concentraciones de ácido clorhídrico (HCl), el Tratamiento 1 empleo una concentración de 0.5 M, el Tratamiento 1 una concentración de 0.75 M y el Tratamiento 3 una concentración de 1 M, para el proceso de desproteinización se empleó una única concentración de hidróxido de sodio (NaOH) al 0.5 M para todos los tratamientos. Las muestras obtenidas de los tres tratamientos fueron caracterizadas en el equipo FTIR empleando los programas OMNIC y OMNIC specta. Se logró determinar una ruta para la extracción de quitina y se determinó una relación del proceso de extracción de 2g de quitina por cada 20g de muestra. La caracterización por FTIR evaluó los picos entre 1700 cm-1 y 1300 cm-1 y los picos en 1655 cm-1 lo cual se puede atribuir a una deformación del C=O axial la cual está presente en la quitina.
The fishing industry worldwide generates a series of residues throughout the entire production chain that reach some polluting agents from various bodies of water and soil, this reality reaches the COMPHILL S.A. Fisheries Wholesale Market. of Buenos Aires of the province of Trujillo. The aim of the present study was to extract and characterize chitin from fish scales. It was sought to determine an adequate protocol for the extraction of said biopolymer by means of a two-stage chemical demineralization and deproteinization procedure. In the demineralization stage, three concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl) were used, Treatment 1 used a concentration of 0.5 M, Treatment 1 a concentration of 0.75 M and Treatment 3 a concentration of 1 M, for the deproteinization process used a single concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 0.5 M for all treatments. The samples obtained from the three treatments were characterized in the FTIR equipment using the OMNIC and OMNIC specta programs. It was possible to determine a route for the extraction of chitin and a ratio of the extraction process of 2g of chitin for every 20g of sample was determined. FTIR characterization evaluated peaks between 1700 cm-1 and 1300 cm-1 and peaks at 1655 cm-1 which can be attributed to an axial C=O deformation which is present in chitin.
The fishing industry worldwide generates a series of residues throughout the entire production chain that reach some polluting agents from various bodies of water and soil, this reality reaches the COMPHILL S.A. Fisheries Wholesale Market. of Buenos Aires of the province of Trujillo. The aim of the present study was to extract and characterize chitin from fish scales. It was sought to determine an adequate protocol for the extraction of said biopolymer by means of a two-stage chemical demineralization and deproteinization procedure. In the demineralization stage, three concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl) were used, Treatment 1 used a concentration of 0.5 M, Treatment 1 a concentration of 0.75 M and Treatment 3 a concentration of 1 M, for the deproteinization process used a single concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 0.5 M for all treatments. The samples obtained from the three treatments were characterized in the FTIR equipment using the OMNIC and OMNIC specta programs. It was possible to determine a route for the extraction of chitin and a ratio of the extraction process of 2g of chitin for every 20g of sample was determined. FTIR characterization evaluated peaks between 1700 cm-1 and 1300 cm-1 and peaks at 1655 cm-1 which can be attributed to an axial C=O deformation which is present in chitin.
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Escamas de pescado, Mercado mayorista pesquero