Lactancia mixta y artificial como factores de riesgo para la presencia de asma bronquial en niños de 2 a 5 años de edad en el hospital II EsSalud Chocope, 2014
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Date
2015
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El efecto protector de la lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) en el desarrollo de enfermedades alérgicas en lactantes y niños es controversial y considerando la alta prevalencia de Asma Bronquial en niños, se planteó evaluar si la lactancia mixta (LM) y la lactancia artificial (LA) son factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de Asma Bronquial en niños de 2 a 5 años de edad, atendidos en Consultorio Externo de Pediatría del Hospital II EsSalud Chocope, 2014. El estudio de Casos y controles en 6 meses, evaluó 225 niños de 2 a 5 años, (75 casos asmáticos y 150 controles sin asma). La incidencia de asma fue 9.9%; en los casos predominaron los varones 50.22%, en controles las mujeres 50.67%. El 60% de casos tuvo 3 a 4 años de edad, en controles 52.67% entre 2 a 3 años. El 52% de los casos tuvo LME, 40% LM y 8% LA; en los controles el 70.67% recibió LME. Los niños con LM tuvieron mayor riesgo de desarrollar asma que los que tuvieron LME P= 0,0058, OR = 2,47 IC 95% (1,33- 4,57); en la LA no se encontró diferencias estadísticas significativas P=0,6562, OR=1,48 CI 95% (0,51- 4,38). Las patología adicionales encontradas en los casos fueron: rinitis alérgica 28%, dermatitis atópica 18.67% y rinitis alérgica más dermatitis atópica 12%. Similar comportamiento se observó en los controles.
Se concluye que la LME un factor protector y LM es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de asma bronquial en niños entre 2 a 5 años
Description
The protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the development of allergic diseases in infants and young children is controversial, and considering the high prevalence of bronchial asthma in children, this study was performed. Its aim was to examine if mixed breastfeeding (MBF) and artificial feeding (LA) are risk factors for the development of Asthma in children between 2 and 5 years old, treated at Pediatric outpatient clinic of EsSalud Chocope Hospital, 2014. This study was embedded in a population-based retrospective case-control study of 225 children 2 to 5 years (75 asthmatic cases and 150 controls without asthma). The incidence of asthma was 9.9%; in cases males predominated 50.22%, in controls 50.67% were women. 60% of cases had 3-4 years old, and there were 52.67% children between 2-3 years in controls. 52% of cases were exclusive breastfed (EBF), 40% received mixed breastfed (MBF) and 8% were never breastfed (ABF); in controls 70.67% were exclusive breastfed. Children with MBF had a higher risk of developing asthma than those with EBF P = 0.0058, OR = 2.47 95% CI (1,33- 4,57); in ABF there were no statistically differences P = 0.6562, OR = 1.48 95 % CI ( 0,51- 4,38). Additional pathology in cases were found: 28% allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis 18.67% and 12% allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Similar behavior was observed in controls. We conclude that the EBF is a protective factor and MBF is a risk factor in the development of asthma in children between 2 and 5 years
Keywords
Lactancia materna y asma, Factor de riesgo, Asma bronquial