Biorremediación de un suelo contaminado con plaguicidas utilizando Micorrizas arbusculas nativas y fertilización orgánica e inorgánica
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2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Actualmente, los suelos son intensamente deteriorados por la utilización de sustancias tóxicas, principalmente, plaguicidas y algunos fertilizantes; por lo que la presente investigación tuvo el objetivo de determinar el efecto de las micorrizas arbusculares nativas y de la fertilización orgánica e inorgánica en la biorremediación de suelos contaminados con plaguicidas; para lo cual, primero, se obtuvo las micorrizas arbusculares nativas del bosque húmedo tropical “Señor de Huamantanga” del distrito de Jaén, siguiendo la metodología propuesta por Sieverding (1983); luego, se preparó sustratos con pesticidas (Metamidofos y Folicur 25 EW, teniendo como tratamientos MoFo, MoFH, MoFU, M1Fo, M1FH, M1FU, usándose como planta trampa a Oriza sativa. La evaluación duró 150 días, durante el cual se evaluó la presencia de micorrizas en las raíces, usando la metodología propuesta por Philips y Hayman (1970); se midió el tamaño de raíz y tallo, se realizó análisis del suelo y recuento microbiano antes y después del estudio. Los resultados indican que las esporas encontradas en la rizosfera de Retrophyllum rospigliosii (Pilger) corresponden al grupo de las arbusculares; perteneciendo a los géneros Glomus sp, Entrophosora sp y Acaulospora sp, los más frecuentes, con 81% de colonización. En el tratamiento con micorrizas y sin fertilización se encontró mayor porcentaje de arbúsculos, vesículas e hifas. Se concluye que la fertilización orgánica e inorgánica influye en el comportamiento de las micorrizas arbusculares en presencia de plaguicidas; y la ausencia de metamidofos en el suelo (de 0.150 a 0.075 mg/kg), indican que se encuentran fijadas en las estructuras micorrízicas arbusculares.
Currently, the soils are deteriorated by the use of toxic substances, mainly fertilizers and pesticides, Therefore, the objective of the present investigation was to determine the effect of native arbuscular mycorrhizae and organic and inorganic fertilization in the bioremediation of soils contaminated with pesticides: For which, first the native arbuscular mycorrhizae were obtained from the tropical humid forest Lord of Huamantanga from the district of Jaén, following the methodology proposed by Sieverding (1983); Then, substrates were prepared with pesticides (Metamidophos and Folicur 25 EW), with MoFo, MoFH, MoFU, M1Fo, M1FH, M1FU as treatments, and Oriza sativa was used as a trap plant. The evaluation lasted 150 days, during which the presence of microrhizas in the roots was evaluated, using the methodology proposed by Philips and Hayman (1970); Root and stem size was measured, soil analysis and microbial count were performed before and after the study. The results indicate that the spores found in the rhizosphere of Rephyllum rospigliosii (Pilger) correspond to the arbuscular group, with the genera Glo-mus sp, Entrophosora sp and Acaulospora sp, the most frequent with 81% colonization. In the treatment with mycorrhizae and without fertilization, a higher percentage of arbuscules, vesicles and hyphae were found. It is concluded that organic and inorganic fertilization influences the behavior of arbuscular mycorrhizae in the presence of pesticides; and the absence of metamidophos in the soil (0.150 to 0.075 mg/kg), indicate that they are fixed in the arbuscular mycorrhizal structures.
Currently, the soils are deteriorated by the use of toxic substances, mainly fertilizers and pesticides, Therefore, the objective of the present investigation was to determine the effect of native arbuscular mycorrhizae and organic and inorganic fertilization in the bioremediation of soils contaminated with pesticides: For which, first the native arbuscular mycorrhizae were obtained from the tropical humid forest Lord of Huamantanga from the district of Jaén, following the methodology proposed by Sieverding (1983); Then, substrates were prepared with pesticides (Metamidophos and Folicur 25 EW), with MoFo, MoFH, MoFU, M1Fo, M1FH, M1FU as treatments, and Oriza sativa was used as a trap plant. The evaluation lasted 150 days, during which the presence of microrhizas in the roots was evaluated, using the methodology proposed by Philips and Hayman (1970); Root and stem size was measured, soil analysis and microbial count were performed before and after the study. The results indicate that the spores found in the rhizosphere of Rephyllum rospigliosii (Pilger) correspond to the arbuscular group, with the genera Glo-mus sp, Entrophosora sp and Acaulospora sp, the most frequent with 81% colonization. In the treatment with mycorrhizae and without fertilization, a higher percentage of arbuscules, vesicles and hyphae were found. It is concluded that organic and inorganic fertilization influences the behavior of arbuscular mycorrhizae in the presence of pesticides; and the absence of metamidophos in the soil (0.150 to 0.075 mg/kg), indicate that they are fixed in the arbuscular mycorrhizal structures.
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