Estudio técnico morfológico – funcional de una muestra de cerámica del complejo arqueológico El Brujo, en el periodo Moche Tardío
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Date
2024
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en el Complejo Arqueológico El Brujo, con el fin de analizar la cerámica mochica recuperada de tres unidades de excavación para comprender sus características formales, tecnológicas y su relación con las funciones sociales de las áreas excavadas. El objetivo fue identificar diferencias funcionales y sociales a partir de la cerámica, evaluando su uso en actividades domésticas, rituales y funerarias. La metodología empleada fue de carácter descriptivo y analítico, con un enfoque cualitativo. Se trabajó con una muestra de fragmentos cerámicos provenientes de tres unidades, utilizando técnicas de gabinete como limpieza, registro gráfico y análisis de manufactura, morfología y decoración. Los instrumentos incluyeron cepillos para limpieza, fichas de registro y herramientas para medición y documentación, como cámaras fotográficas y escalímetros. Los resultados mostraron que la mayor cantidad y variedad de materiales cerámicos provenían de las Unidades 1 y 3, vinculadas a actividades domésticas y festivas de carácter público y elitista. La Unidad 2, en cambio, destacó por la presencia de trompetas, sugiriendo un uso ritual o funerario. Las diferencias en decoración también fueron notorias, con el engobe rojo predominando en la Unidad 2, lo que indica una función social distinta en comparación con las Unidades 1 y 3. En conclusión, la cerámica mochica puede diferenciarse funcional y socialmente por sus características formales y decorativas, evidenciando que sectores sociales más altos se asociaban con cerámica más elaborada, mientras que la cerámica tosca se vinculaba con actividades rituales y de cohesión social.
ABSTRACT The present study was conducted at the El Brujo Archaeological Complex to analyze Moche ceramics recovered from three excavation units in order to understand their formal, technological characteristics and their relationship to the social functions of the excavated areas. The objective was to identify functional and social differences based on the ceramics, assessing their use in domestic, ritual, and funerary activities. The methodology used was descriptive and analytical, with a qualitative approach. The study worked with a sample of ceramic fragments from three units, employing cabinet techniques such as cleaning, graphic recording, and analysis of manufacture, morphology, and decoration. The instruments included brushes for cleaning, recording sheets, and tools for measurement and documentation, such as cameras and scale rulers. The results showed that the largest quantity and variety of ceramic materials came from Units 1 and 3, which were associated with domestic and public festive activities of an elitist nature. Unit 2, on the other hand, was notable for the presence of trumpets, suggesting a ritual or funerary use. Differences in decoration were also evident, with red slip predominating in Unit 2, indicating a distinct social function compared to Units 1 and 3. In conclusion, Moche ceramics can be functionally and socially differentiated based on their formal and decorative characteristics, showing that higher social sectors were associated with more elaborate ceramics, while coarse ceramics were linked to ritual activities and social cohesion.
ABSTRACT The present study was conducted at the El Brujo Archaeological Complex to analyze Moche ceramics recovered from three excavation units in order to understand their formal, technological characteristics and their relationship to the social functions of the excavated areas. The objective was to identify functional and social differences based on the ceramics, assessing their use in domestic, ritual, and funerary activities. The methodology used was descriptive and analytical, with a qualitative approach. The study worked with a sample of ceramic fragments from three units, employing cabinet techniques such as cleaning, graphic recording, and analysis of manufacture, morphology, and decoration. The instruments included brushes for cleaning, recording sheets, and tools for measurement and documentation, such as cameras and scale rulers. The results showed that the largest quantity and variety of ceramic materials came from Units 1 and 3, which were associated with domestic and public festive activities of an elitist nature. Unit 2, on the other hand, was notable for the presence of trumpets, suggesting a ritual or funerary use. Differences in decoration were also evident, with red slip predominating in Unit 2, indicating a distinct social function compared to Units 1 and 3. In conclusion, Moche ceramics can be functionally and socially differentiated based on their formal and decorative characteristics, showing that higher social sectors were associated with more elaborate ceramics, while coarse ceramics were linked to ritual activities and social cohesion.
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Keywords
Cerámica mochica, Prácticas rituales, Manufactura cerámica