Afectación de los derechos del imputado, cuando el fiscal considera que la investigación preparatoria ha cumplido su finalidad
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Date
2021
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Con la entrada en vigor del Código Procesal Penal Vigente, se regula, entre varios tipos de procesos, al Proceso Penal Común declarativo de condena o absolución, el cual comprende tres fases bien determinadas y desarrolladas a través de los artículos 321° al 445°. Ahora bien, como el objetivo de nuestro trabajo es, determinar si, al disponer la conclusión de la Investigación Preparatoria, antes de vencido su plazo legal, vulnera o no los derechos del Imputado; citamos al artículo 343°, inciso 1 del Código Procesal Penal vigente, que prescribe: “El Fiscal dará por concluida la Investigación Preparatoria cuando considere que ha cumplido su objeto, aun cuando no hubiere vencido el plazo”. Así también, tenemos como objetivos específicos, establecer los derechos fundamentales que asisten al Imputado durante la Investigación Preparatoria; explicar sus fines y objetivos; precisar los derechos fundamentales del Imputado que se vulneran al concluir la Investigación, cuando a criterio del Fiscal ya se ha cumplido con su objetivo y proponer un mecanismo alternativo procesal para impedir la violación de los derechos esenciales del Imputado en la Investigación Preparatoria. Para demostrarlo, hemos recurrido a la doctrina, la jurisprudencia, así como a la legislación nacional, hemos utilizado cuatro métodos científicos: inductivo, el análisis, síntesis, y el método hermenéutico jurídico; así como, cuatro técnicas: la interpretación de la norma, acopio y análisis documental, fichaje y la entrevista con expertos. Todo ello nos ha permitido obtener conclusiones que demuestran los objetivos planteados, al punto de establecer que los derechos que se vulneran son: El Derecho de Defensa, el Debido Proceso, Tutela Jurisdiccional fectiva y el Derecho a Probar; así mismo, que no existe ningún mecanismo procesal alternativo, que permita que se garanticen los Derechos Fundamentales del Imputado; es por ello, que se propone modificar el artículo 343° inciso 1 del Código Procesal Penal.
ABSTRACT With the entry into force of the Current Criminal Procedure Code, the Common Criminal Procedure declaratory of conviction or acquittal is regulated, among various types of processes, which comprises three well-determined phases and developed through articles 321 to 445. Now, as the objective of our work is to determine whether, by ordering the conclusion of the Preparatory Investigation, before the expiration of its legal term, it violates or not the rights of the Defendant; We cite article 343, subsection 1 of the current Criminal Procedure Code, which prescribes: "The Prosecutor shall terminate the Preparatory Investigation when he considers that it has fulfilled its purpose, even if the term has not expired. Likewise, we have as specific objectives, to establish the fundamental rights that assist the Defendant during the Preparatory Investigation; explain its aims and objectives; specify the fundamental rights of the Defendant that are violated at the conclusion of the Investigation, when at the discretion of the Prosecutor its objective has already been fulfilled and propose an alternative procedural mechanism to prevent the violation of the essential rights of the Defendant in the Preparatory Investigation. To demonstrate this, we have resorted to doctrine, jurisprudence, as well as national legislation, we have used four scientific methods: inductive, analysis, synthesis, and the legal hermeneutical method; as well as four techniques: the interpretation of the norm, collection and documentary analysis, signing and the interview with experts. All this has allowed us to obtain conclusions that demonstrate the proposed objectives, to the point of establishing that the rights that are violated are: The Right to Defense, Due Process, Effective Jurisdictional Protection and the Right to Prove; likewise, that there is no alternative procedural mechanism that allows the Fundamental Rights of the Defendant to be guaranteed; That is why it is proposed to modify article 343, paragraph 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
ABSTRACT With the entry into force of the Current Criminal Procedure Code, the Common Criminal Procedure declaratory of conviction or acquittal is regulated, among various types of processes, which comprises three well-determined phases and developed through articles 321 to 445. Now, as the objective of our work is to determine whether, by ordering the conclusion of the Preparatory Investigation, before the expiration of its legal term, it violates or not the rights of the Defendant; We cite article 343, subsection 1 of the current Criminal Procedure Code, which prescribes: "The Prosecutor shall terminate the Preparatory Investigation when he considers that it has fulfilled its purpose, even if the term has not expired. Likewise, we have as specific objectives, to establish the fundamental rights that assist the Defendant during the Preparatory Investigation; explain its aims and objectives; specify the fundamental rights of the Defendant that are violated at the conclusion of the Investigation, when at the discretion of the Prosecutor its objective has already been fulfilled and propose an alternative procedural mechanism to prevent the violation of the essential rights of the Defendant in the Preparatory Investigation. To demonstrate this, we have resorted to doctrine, jurisprudence, as well as national legislation, we have used four scientific methods: inductive, analysis, synthesis, and the legal hermeneutical method; as well as four techniques: the interpretation of the norm, collection and documentary analysis, signing and the interview with experts. All this has allowed us to obtain conclusions that demonstrate the proposed objectives, to the point of establishing that the rights that are violated are: The Right to Defense, Due Process, Effective Jurisdictional Protection and the Right to Prove; likewise, that there is no alternative procedural mechanism that allows the Fundamental Rights of the Defendant to be guaranteed; That is why it is proposed to modify article 343, paragraph 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
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Keywords
Investigación preparatoria, Imputado, Investigación preparatoria, Derechos fundamentales, Vulneración.