Arquitectura pública Casma: estructura, función y poder ideológico en la plataforma 1, en el sitio arqueológico El Campanario, valle de Huarmey
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Date
2021
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
Esta investigación se ha enfocado en el estudio de la arquitectura pública de la plataforma 1, en el sitio arqueológico El Campanario, valle de Huarmey. Los trabajos de intervención arqueológica han permitido identificar cómo la estructura arquitectónica de la plataforma 1 fue diseñada para funcionar como un espacio, donde la élite que habitó El Campanario realizó eventos de carácter social, político e ideológico. El hallazgo de un muro con frisos amarillos que representan al pez “life”, me ha permitido sostener que en el patio de la plataforma 1 se realizaron diferentes actividades de carácter ritual y entre ellas la realización de festines que la élite de El Campanario organizaba con la intención de legitimar su poder. Los fragmentos de cerámica modelada con incisiones estilo Casma recuperados en la excavación y de acuerdo a la zona de distribución de la cerámica, desde el valle de Chao hasta el valle de Huarmey, el sitio El Campanario fue habitado por grupos sociales identificados como Casma. Los restos materiales registrados sobre la plataforma 1 que sirvieron como elementos constructivos, me permiten sostener que fue diseñada, edificada y renovada siguiendo tradiciones arquitectónicas norcosteños. El uso de la caña brava en los cimientos de los muros de adobe como una nueva técnica constructiva, es un claro ejemplo que parte de nuestra historia arqueológica sigue incompleta. De igual manera, se ha hallado restos óseos de camélidos que presentan una aplicación de pigmento rojo. Estos restos óseos fueron recuperados sobre el patio de la plataforma 1, que posiblemente formen parte de una práctica, quizás ritual y que por el momento no se ha registrado hallazgo similar en la arqueología peruana.
ABSTRACT This research has focused on the study of the public architecture of platform 1, at the El Campanario archaeological site, Huarmey valley. The archaeological intervention works have made it possible to identify how the architectural structure of platform 1 was designed to function as a space, where the elite that inhabited El Campanario carried out social, political and ideological events. The discovery of a wall with yellow friezes representing the fish “life” has allowed me to maintain that different ritual activities were carried out in the patio of platform 1, including the holding of feasts that the elite of El Campanario organized with the intention to legitimize their power. The fragments of ceramics modeled with Casma style incisions recovered in the excavation and according to the distribution area of the ceramics, from the Chao valley to the Huarmey valley, the El Campanario site was inhabited by social groups identified as Casma. The material remains recorded on platform 1 that served as constructive elements, allow me to argue that it was designed, built and renovated following Northwest architectural traditions. The use of wild cane in the foundations of adobe walls as a new construction technique is a clear example that part of our archaeological history remains incomplete. Similarly, bone remains of camelids have been found that show an application of red pigment. These skeletal remains were recovered on the patio of platform 1, possibly forming part of a practice, perhaps ritual, and for the moment no similar finding has been recorded in Peruvian archeology. Keywords: Casma culture, Casma ceramic, social stratification, monumental architecture.
ABSTRACT This research has focused on the study of the public architecture of platform 1, at the El Campanario archaeological site, Huarmey valley. The archaeological intervention works have made it possible to identify how the architectural structure of platform 1 was designed to function as a space, where the elite that inhabited El Campanario carried out social, political and ideological events. The discovery of a wall with yellow friezes representing the fish “life” has allowed me to maintain that different ritual activities were carried out in the patio of platform 1, including the holding of feasts that the elite of El Campanario organized with the intention to legitimize their power. The fragments of ceramics modeled with Casma style incisions recovered in the excavation and according to the distribution area of the ceramics, from the Chao valley to the Huarmey valley, the El Campanario site was inhabited by social groups identified as Casma. The material remains recorded on platform 1 that served as constructive elements, allow me to argue that it was designed, built and renovated following Northwest architectural traditions. The use of wild cane in the foundations of adobe walls as a new construction technique is a clear example that part of our archaeological history remains incomplete. Similarly, bone remains of camelids have been found that show an application of red pigment. These skeletal remains were recovered on the patio of platform 1, possibly forming part of a practice, perhaps ritual, and for the moment no similar finding has been recorded in Peruvian archeology. Keywords: Casma culture, Casma ceramic, social stratification, monumental architecture.
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Keywords
Cultura Casma, Cerámica Casma, Arquitectura monumental