Variación morfológica de la dentición humana y su influencia en la estimación del patrón alimentario en víctimas de violencia – Región La Libertad
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Date
2020
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
La Antropología Dental apunta su interés hacia los dientes humanos, porque poseen gran resistencia al efecto de agentes externos y al paso del tiempo, siendo la estructura más resistente del organismo debido a sus características histológicas y a la protección de los tejidos blandos peridentarios. Gracias a la variabilidad, preservabilidad y observabilidad, la morfología dental brindó unasobresaliente perspectiva de los aspectos biológicos y culturales de las personas víctimas de violencia, ofreciendo una notable comprensión acerca de la filiación ancestral mediante los rasgos morfológicos dentales coronales, cuyas características favorecieron la retención de placa bacteriana, generando patologías las cuales aportaron un acercamiento a su patrón alimentario. Para evaluar la morfología de la estructura dental se empleó los siguientes métodos: método ASUDAS de Christy G. Turner II, método de Smith, método de Buikstra & Ubelaker, método de Mestre, método encuesta y método estadístico; y técnicas precisas, como: macroscópico y la entrevista. Se evaluó la cavidad oral de 40 personas: 15 mujeres y 25 hombres; 1,056 dientes en total. Los rasgos morfológicos dentales coronales de mayor prevalencia fueron: incisivo en pala, reducción del hipocono, pliegue acodado y cúspide de Carabelli; mientras que las bajas frecuencias se aprecian en: cúspide 6, punto P, protostílido y tubérculo dental. Los marcadores informativos como: el desgaste, el cálculo y la caries brindaron una aproximación del patrón alimentario, destacando los hombres con un mayor consumo de proteínas de origen vegetal y animal e igual que las mujeres una ingesta de carbohidratos y azúcares.
ABSTRACT Dental Anthropology points its interest towards human teeth, because they have great resistance to the effect of external agents and over time, being the most resistant structure of the organism due to its histological characteristics and the protection of the peridental soft tissues. Thanks to the variability, preservability and observability, the dental morphology provided an outstanding perspective of the biological and cultural aspects of the victims of violence, offering a remarkable understanding about ancestral filiation through the coronal dental morphological features, whose characteristics favored retention of bacterial plaque, generating pathologies which provided an approach to their eating pattern. The following methods were used to evaluate the morphology of the dental structure: Christy G. Turner II's ASUDAS method, Smith's method, Buikstra & Ubelaker's method, Mestre's method, survey method and statistical method; and precise techniques, such as: macroscopic and interview. The oral cavity of 40 people was evaluated: 15 women and 25 men; 1,056 teeth in total. The most prevalent coronal dental morphological features were: blade incisor, hypoconus reduction, layered fold and Carabelli cusp; while the low frequencies can be seen in: cusp 6, point P, protostilid and dental tuber. Informational markers such as: wear, calculation and decay provided an approximation of the food pattern, highlighting men with a higher consumption of proteins of vegetable and animal origin and, like women, an intake of carbohydrates and sugars.
ABSTRACT Dental Anthropology points its interest towards human teeth, because they have great resistance to the effect of external agents and over time, being the most resistant structure of the organism due to its histological characteristics and the protection of the peridental soft tissues. Thanks to the variability, preservability and observability, the dental morphology provided an outstanding perspective of the biological and cultural aspects of the victims of violence, offering a remarkable understanding about ancestral filiation through the coronal dental morphological features, whose characteristics favored retention of bacterial plaque, generating pathologies which provided an approach to their eating pattern. The following methods were used to evaluate the morphology of the dental structure: Christy G. Turner II's ASUDAS method, Smith's method, Buikstra & Ubelaker's method, Mestre's method, survey method and statistical method; and precise techniques, such as: macroscopic and interview. The oral cavity of 40 people was evaluated: 15 women and 25 men; 1,056 teeth in total. The most prevalent coronal dental morphological features were: blade incisor, hypoconus reduction, layered fold and Carabelli cusp; while the low frequencies can be seen in: cusp 6, point P, protostilid and dental tuber. Informational markers such as: wear, calculation and decay provided an approximation of the food pattern, highlighting men with a higher consumption of proteins of vegetable and animal origin and, like women, an intake of carbohydrates and sugars.
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Keywords
Morfología dental, Antropología física, Antropología dental