“Prevalencia de Hipomineralización de segundos molares deciduos y factores asociados en preescolares de 3 a 5 años- Virú, 2023”
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Date
2023
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Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El presente estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal y correlacional; tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de Hipomineralización de segundos molares deciduas (HSMD) y su relación a factores asociados, en preescolares de 3 a 5 años del Distrito de Virú, en el año 2023.
Se evaluó una muestra de 346 preescolares de ambos géneros de 3 a 5 años de edad, los cuales debían presentar los cuatro segundos molares primarios. Para ello, se firmó un consentimiento informado por los padres/tutores, se realizó el diagnóstico de HDSM mediante inspección visual para luego registrar en la ficha Ad Hoc para registrar los datos clínicos, grado de severidad, arco dentario, número de piezas afectadas. Además se le hizo llenar un cuestionario-encuesta a los padres/tutores para recolectar los factores asociados a la HDSM. Se realizó una calibración interexaminador e intraexaminador y para medir su reproductibilidad se aplicó la prueba Kappa de Cohen.
La prevalencia de HSMD fue de 54.9%. No se encontró una relación estadística significativa según género y edad. El grado severo fue de mayor frecuencia (32.4%). El arco dentario más afectado por HDSM fue el maxilar inferior (59.5%), siendo más frecuente en piezas 7.5 (46%) y 8.5 (44.8%). La prevalencia de HMSD según el número de dientes afectados por HMSD, fue más frecuente en las 4 piezas afectadas (50.53%) y menos frecuente en 3 piezas afectadas (8.42%). Los factores de riesgo estudiados no presentaron diferencia estadística significativa (p>0.05).
El estudio llegó a la conclusión de que no existe asociación entre los factores de riesgo estudiados y HMSD.
This observational, descriptive and cross- sectional study had as main objective to determine the prevalence of Hypomineralization of deciduous second molars and its relation to associated factors, in preschoolers aged 3 to 5 years in the Viru District, in 2023. A sample of 346 preschoolers of both genders from 3 to 5 years of age was evaluated, who had to present four second primary molars. For this, an informed consent was signed by the parents/tutors the diagnosis of HDSM was made by visual inspection and then recorded in the Ad Hoc file to record the clinical data, degree of severity, dental arch, number of affected teeth. Besides, Parents/tutors were asked to fill out a questionnaire-survey to collect the factors associated with HDSM. An inter-examiner and intra-examiner calibration was performed and Cohen’s Kappa test was applied to measure its reproducibility. The prevalence of HDSM was 54.9%. No significant statistical relationship was found according to gender and age. The severe degree was more frequent (32.4%). The dental arch most affected by HDSM was the lower jaw (59.5%), being more frequent in teeth 7.5 (46%) and 8.5 (44.8%). The prevalence of HMSD according to the number of teeth affected by HMSD was more frequent in the 4 affected teeth (50.53%) and less frequent in 3 affected teeth (8.42%). The risk factors studied did not present a significant statistical difference (p>0.05). The study concluded that there is no association between the risk factors studied and HDSM.
This observational, descriptive and cross- sectional study had as main objective to determine the prevalence of Hypomineralization of deciduous second molars and its relation to associated factors, in preschoolers aged 3 to 5 years in the Viru District, in 2023. A sample of 346 preschoolers of both genders from 3 to 5 years of age was evaluated, who had to present four second primary molars. For this, an informed consent was signed by the parents/tutors the diagnosis of HDSM was made by visual inspection and then recorded in the Ad Hoc file to record the clinical data, degree of severity, dental arch, number of affected teeth. Besides, Parents/tutors were asked to fill out a questionnaire-survey to collect the factors associated with HDSM. An inter-examiner and intra-examiner calibration was performed and Cohen’s Kappa test was applied to measure its reproducibility. The prevalence of HDSM was 54.9%. No significant statistical relationship was found according to gender and age. The severe degree was more frequent (32.4%). The dental arch most affected by HDSM was the lower jaw (59.5%), being more frequent in teeth 7.5 (46%) and 8.5 (44.8%). The prevalence of HMSD according to the number of teeth affected by HMSD was more frequent in the 4 affected teeth (50.53%) and less frequent in 3 affected teeth (8.42%). The risk factors studied did not present a significant statistical difference (p>0.05). The study concluded that there is no association between the risk factors studied and HDSM.
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Keywords
Hipomineralización Molar, Preescolar