Programa de mejoramiento de la calidad de aguas residuales industriales Granjas Armonía 1 y 2, Santa Isabel 1,2 y 3
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Date
2023
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Publisher
Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Abstract
El presente programa tiene como objetivo plantear una mejora del tratamiento de las aguas
residuales industriales de las granjas avícolas Armonía 1 y 2, y Santa Isabel 1, 2 y 3. Hay
doce (12) y veintisiete (27) galpones en cada granja, respectivamente; las cuales generan
efluentes industriales periódicamente cada seis (6) y sesenta y cinco (65) semanas
respectivamente. Además, las instalaciones cuentan con nulos sistemas de cuidado medio
ambiental, con respecto a la generación y vertimiento de efluentes, ya que se realizan
directamente en el suelo, contaminándose, y al mismo tiempo a acuíferos subterráneos. Este
programa propone una serie de mejoras y propuestas para el mejoramiento de la gestión de
estas aguas. También, incluye la identificación de los puntos críticos a mejorar por medio de
un diagnóstico técnico -administrativo del estado actual de las granjas que identifica su
cumplimiento legal, caudales emitidos y caracterización de los efluentes. Asimismo, se
proponen las medidas de mitigación del sistema actual de la generación y vertimiento de
aguas residuales industriales, como mejoras en el proceso, construcción de canaletas e
implementación de un sistema de tratamiento de efluentes. Para el sistema de tratamiento se
propusieron tres (03) alternativas de procesos modernos y sencillos de remoción química -
física y biológica de contaminantes: (i) procesos de floculación-coagulación, (ii) sistemas de
flotación por aire disuelto, procesos de oxidación avanzada, reacciones de neutralización y
lagunas de oxidación. Los procesos pueden ser divididos en dos etapas de tratamiento, y ser
aplicables a la realidad de las granjas. Finalmente se realizó un análisis jerárquico de decisión
para evaluar las alternativas de tratamiento de efluentes industriales planteadas en el
programa de mejoramiento, esto considerando criterios de interés para la empresa como
costos de implementación, cumplimiento ambiental, complejidad de los sistemas y área a
ocupar del tratamiento. En conclusión, la alternativa tres (3) que propone un proceso de
neutralización con sulfito de sodio para contaminantes recalcitrantes, y un tratamiento
biológico para cargas orgánicas fue la mejor opción de implementación para las granjas por
satisfacer los criterios de interés.
The objective of this program is to propose an improvement in the treatment of industrial wastewater from the Armonía 1 and 2, and Santa Isabel 1, 2 and 3 poultry farms. There are twelve (12) and twenty-seven (27) sheds on each farm, respectively. ; which generate industrial effluents periodically every six (6) and sixty-five (65) weeks respectively. In addition, the facilities have zero environmental care systems, with respect to the generation and discharge of effluents, since they are carried out directly on the ground, contaminating themselves, and at the same time into underground aquifers. This program proposes a series of improvements and proposals to improve the management of these waters. Also, it includes the identification of the critical points to improve through a technical-administrative diagnosis of the current state of the farms that identifies their legal compliance, emitted flows and characterization of the effluents. Likewise, mitigation measures for the current system of generation and discharge of industrial wastewater are proposed, such as improvements in the process, construction of gutters and implementation of an effluent treatment system. For the treatment system, three (03) alternatives of modern and simple processes for chemical, physical and biological removal of contaminants were proposed: (i) flocculation-coagulation processes, (ii) dissolved air flotation systems, advanced oxidation processes , neutralization reactions and oxidation lagoons. The processes can be divided into two stages of treatment, and be applicable to the reality of the farms. Finally, a hierarchical decision analysis was carried out to evaluate the alternatives for the treatment of industrial effluents proposed in the improvement program, this considering criteria of interest to the company such as implementation costs, environmental compliance, complexity of the systems and area to be occupied by the treatment. . In conclusion, alternative three (3) that proposes a neutralization process with sodium sulfite for recalcitrant contaminants, and a biological treatment for organic loads was the best implementation option for the farms because it meets the criteria of interest.
The objective of this program is to propose an improvement in the treatment of industrial wastewater from the Armonía 1 and 2, and Santa Isabel 1, 2 and 3 poultry farms. There are twelve (12) and twenty-seven (27) sheds on each farm, respectively. ; which generate industrial effluents periodically every six (6) and sixty-five (65) weeks respectively. In addition, the facilities have zero environmental care systems, with respect to the generation and discharge of effluents, since they are carried out directly on the ground, contaminating themselves, and at the same time into underground aquifers. This program proposes a series of improvements and proposals to improve the management of these waters. Also, it includes the identification of the critical points to improve through a technical-administrative diagnosis of the current state of the farms that identifies their legal compliance, emitted flows and characterization of the effluents. Likewise, mitigation measures for the current system of generation and discharge of industrial wastewater are proposed, such as improvements in the process, construction of gutters and implementation of an effluent treatment system. For the treatment system, three (03) alternatives of modern and simple processes for chemical, physical and biological removal of contaminants were proposed: (i) flocculation-coagulation processes, (ii) dissolved air flotation systems, advanced oxidation processes , neutralization reactions and oxidation lagoons. The processes can be divided into two stages of treatment, and be applicable to the reality of the farms. Finally, a hierarchical decision analysis was carried out to evaluate the alternatives for the treatment of industrial effluents proposed in the improvement program, this considering criteria of interest to the company such as implementation costs, environmental compliance, complexity of the systems and area to be occupied by the treatment. . In conclusion, alternative three (3) that proposes a neutralization process with sodium sulfite for recalcitrant contaminants, and a biological treatment for organic loads was the best implementation option for the farms because it meets the criteria of interest.
Description
Keywords
Granjas, Avícolas, Tratamiento de aguas, Mejoramiento, Parámetros, Normatividad ambiental